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eurasia(优雷夏)-第1部分

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                       EURASIA 



EURASIA 



               Chris。 Evans 



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                                         EURASIA 



                                  PREFACE。 



     In 〃Eurasia〃 the author describes an ideal republic where many of the 

problems      that  confront    us  are  worked     out。  The    book   describes    in  an 

interesting and readable way how government is administered in this ideal 

republic。 The government is one in which women take their full share of 

responsibility;   the   school   children   are   trained   in   the   problems   they   will 

meet in life; and more emphasis is laid on character building than on the 

dead   languages。 The   children   of   both   sexes   are taught   useful   trades。 All 

school     children    are  taught    to  swim。    The    idle   are  employed      in  the 

construction      of  roads;   canals    and   irrigation   works。    The   problems     of 

distribution   are   so   arranged   that   the   worker   receives   a   more   equitable 

reward for his labor。 

     The author; Chris。 Evans; speaks with a firsthand knowledge when he 

discusses the army prison management and the administration of law。 Mr。 

Evans; who was born in Vermont; is an old cavalryman; having served in 

the   Civil   War。   After   the   war   he   served  with  the   cavalry   in   the   West; 

fighting Indians。 



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                                         EURASIA 



                                CHAPTER I。 



                       A GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE。 



     One pleasant afternoon in the month of May; 19; I launched my boat; 

and after rowing about half a mile from shore I shipped my oars; stepped 

the mast; hoisted sail and reclining on a cushioned seat at the stern with 

my   hand   on   the   tiller;   I   waited   for   a   breeze   to   spring   up;   and   whilst   so 

doing I fell asleep。 How long I slept I know not; for when I awoke my boat 

was close to shore; and to my' astonishment I was in strange waters。 I went 

ashore;     when    I  was   accosted    in  English     with   a  foreign   accent    by   a 

venerable looking man with the question: 〃Where did you come from?〃 I 

replied:   〃From  the  United   States   of America;  and   what   country  is   this?〃 

His   answer   was   Eurasia;   and   beckoning   to   a   man   in   uniform;   who   was 

passing by and who immediately joined us; he told him that I was from the 

United   States   of America   and   did   not   know   what   country  I   was   in。 The 

official addressed me very kindly and invited me to accompany him; and 

leaving   the   boat   in   charge   of   my  first   acquaintance;   with   instructions   to 

take good care of it; he escorted me into the city and left me at a hotel with 

a request that I would permit him to call on me the next day at ten a。 m。; 

and he would show me all the principal buildings and introduce me to the 

President;   〃who   I   have   no   doubt   will   be   delighted   to   see   you。〃   At   the 

appointed      time   he   arrived;   and;   taking    my   place    by   his  side   in  an 

automobile   driven   by   electricity;   we   passed   in   succession   the   buildings 

occupied by the different Departments of State; and stopped in front of a 

modest building set back a short distance from the street; and at the gate 

we were at once admitted by the officer on duty; who informed us that the 

President       was    holding      a   Cabinet      meeting      and    would      receive 

meimmediately。 The President's private secretary met me at the door and 

introduced      me    to  the   President;    who    shook     my    hand    warmly;    and 

introduced me to his Cabinet in the following order: 

     Mr。 __; the Minister of State。 Mrs。 __; the Minister of Justice。 Mr。 __; 

the Minister of Railways。 Mrs。 __; the Minister of Education。 Mr。 __; the 

Minister   of   Finance。   Mrs。   __;   the   Minister   of   Information。   Mr。   __;   the 



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                                            EURASIA 



Minister   of   Agriculture。        Mrs。   __;   the   Minister     of   Health。   Mr。   __;   the 

Minister of Commerce。 Mrs。 __; the Minister of Manufactures。 Mr。 __; the 

Minister of Mines。 Mrs。 __; the Minister of War。 Mr。 __; the Minister of 

Foreign Affairs。 Mrs。 __; the Minister of Labor。 

     I   informed   the   President   that   I   wished   to   learn   all   I   could   about   the 

Government         and    Institutions     of  the   country;     to  which     he   replied    by 

handing   me   the   Official   Directory;   and   added   that   he   and   his   Cabinet 

would assist me to the fullest extent。 I expressed my heartfelt thanks for 

their    kindness;     and;    going    back    to   my    hotel;   I  opened     the;   Official 

Directory。 I found the country governed by a President elected directly by 

the people for five years; but the law provided that if his government was 

not   satisfactory   to   the   people;   a   petition   signed   by   five   per   cent。   of   the 

voters called for an election; and if a majority voted against him; he was 

removed from office and the Minister of State assumed the Presidency for 

the    remainder      of   the   term。    The    Cabinet     was    composed        of  fourteen 

members…seven men and seven women…and were chosen by the Parliament; 

who     were     free  to   select   them    from    their   own    members       or   outsiders; 

provided that the person chosen was a voter and twenty…five years of age。 

When   the   Parliament   met;   which   it   did   on   the   first   day   of   January;   and 

adjourned   on   the   first   of   March;   sine   die;   the   Ministers   presented   their 

reports   of   their   work   for   the   previous   two   years;   and   if   the   Parliament 

approved       them;    they    continued     in   office;   but   if  the   Parliament      by   a 

majority vote disapproved of any of them; then the Minister resigned and 

the   Parliament   appointed   another   person   to   take   his   or   her   place。   The 

members   of   Parliament   were   elected   for   two   years   and to   serve   without 

pay;   but   their   expenses   were   paid   by   the   Government   and   the   amount 

necessary was fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered; only by 

two…thirds   vote   of   the   qualified   voters   of   the   Nation。   The   country   was 

divided      into   districts   and    every    district   elected    a   member      for   every 

hundred thousand of population; provided that every other member from a 

district   should   be   a   female;  thus   giving both   sexes   full   representation   in 

the   Government。   Each   district   was   governed   by   a   Governor;   elected   for 

two     years;    and   a   Court    of   Judges;    consisting      of  a   Chief    Justice;    a 

Prosecuting   Attorney;         an   Attorney   for   the    Defense   and      twelve    Justice 



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                                           EURASIA 



Jurors; who tried all felony cases and civil cases that could not be settled 

by    Arbitration;     and   who    sat   also  as   a  Board     of  Equalization      and   as 

Supervisors。 

     The law provided that eight Jurors or two…thirds of them (if any were 

absent   through   sickness   or   any   other   reasonable   cause);   in   every   case 

could bring in a verdict of guilty in criminal cases or for the Complainant 

or Defendant in civil cases; and if eight did not find the Defendant guilty; 

the   case   was   dismissed…but   if   guilty   the   Defendant   had   only   to   say   〃I 

appeal;〃 and a copy of the evidence was sent immediately to the Supreme 

Court; composed of Judges; elected by the people; one from each district; 

to serve for five years。 

     The   Court   sat   six   days   in   each   week;   excepting   four   weeks   inJuly… 

August;   when   all   the   Courts   were   allowed   by  law   four   weeks'   vacation。 

They were required to work eight hours each day beginning at eight a。 m。; 

with one hour rest at noon; and ending at five p。 m。; but they could work 

longer   if   they   so   desired;   but   the   law   forbade   any   adjournment   and   to 

prevent   bribery   the   documents         in   every   case…civil   or   criminal…arriving 

daily were placed in a lottery wheel; and; on the Court assembling at eight 

a。   m。;   the   wheel   was   revolved;   and   in   the   presence   of   the   Minister   of 

Justice a blind boy and girl drew the documents out and handed them to 

pages     who    delivered     them    to  the   Judges    i
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