ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
¶ÁÊéÊÒ ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

the prince(Íõ×Ó)-µÚ15²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡


chalk¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡billets¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡soldiers¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡conquer¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Cf¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡

History¡¡of¡¡Henry¡¡VII£»¡¨¡¡by¡¡Lord¡¡Bacon£º¡¡¡¨King¡¡Charles¡¡had¡¡conquered¡¡the¡¡

realm¡¡of¡¡Naples£»¡¡and¡¡lost¡¡it¡¡again£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡a¡¡felicity¡¡of¡¡a¡¡dream¡£¡¡He¡¡

passed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡length¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Italy¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡resistance£º¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡

what¡¡¡¡¡¡Pope¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexander¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡wont¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say£º¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Frenchmen¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡

Italy¡¡with¡¡chalk¡¡in¡¡their¡¡hands£»¡¡to¡¡mark¡¡up¡¡their¡¡lodgings£»¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡with¡¡

swords¡¡to¡¡fight¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡wish¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡demonstrate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡further¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡infelicity¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡arms¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡

mercenary¡¡captains¡¡are¡¡either¡¡capable¡¡men¡¡or¡¡they¡¡are¡¡not£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡are£»¡¡you¡¡

cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡trust¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡aspire¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡greatness£»¡¡

either¡¡by¡¡oppressing¡¡you£»¡¡who¡¡are¡¡their¡¡master£»¡¡or¡¡others¡¡contrary¡¡to¡¡your¡¡

intentions£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡the¡¡captain¡¡is¡¡not¡¡skilful£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡ruined¡¡in¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡way¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡urged¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡whoever¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡armed¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡act¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡way£»¡¡

whether¡¡mercenary¡¡or¡¡not£»¡¡I¡¡reply¡¡that¡¡when¡¡arms¡¡have¡¡to¡¡be¡¡resorted¡¡to£»¡¡

either¡¡by¡¡a¡¡prince¡¡or¡¡a¡¡republic£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡prince¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡go¡¡in¡¡person¡¡and¡¡

perform¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡duty¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡captain£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡republic¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡send¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡citizens£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

when¡¡one¡¡is¡¡sent¡¡who¡¡does¡¡not¡¡turn¡¡out¡¡satisfactorily£»¡¡it¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡recall¡¡him£»¡¡

and¡¡when¡¡one¡¡is¡¡worthy£»¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡him¡¡by¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡so¡¡that¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡leave¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡command¡£¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡experience¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡shown¡¡¡¡¡¡princes¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡republics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡single¡­¡¡

handed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡progress£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡mercenaries¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡doing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡

except¡¡damage£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡more¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡a¡¡republic£»¡¡armed¡¡with¡¡its¡¡

own¡¡¡¡¡¡arms£»¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sway¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡citizens¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡bring¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡

armed¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡¡¡¡¡arms¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Rome¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Sparta¡¡¡¡¡¡stood¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡ages¡¡¡¡¡¡armed¡¡

and¡¡free¡£¡¡The¡¡Switzers¡¡are¡¡completely¡¡armed¡¡and¡¡quite¡¡free¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡ancient¡¡mercenaries£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡the¡¡Carthaginians£»¡¡who¡¡

were¡¡¡¡¡¡oppressed¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡mercenary¡¡¡¡¡¡soldiers¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Romans£»¡¡¡¡although¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Carthaginians¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡citizens¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡captains¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡54¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡55¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



After¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡Epaminondas£»¡¡Philip¡¡of¡¡Macedon¡¡was¡¡made¡¡captain¡¡of¡¡

their¡¡soldiers¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Thebans£»¡¡and¡¡after¡¡victory¡¡he¡¡took¡¡away¡¡their¡¡liberty¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Duke¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Filippo¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dead£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Milanese¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enlisted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Francesco¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sforza¡¡

against¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Venetians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡overcome¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enemy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

Caravaggio£»£§*£§¡¡allied¡¡himself¡¡with¡¡them¡¡to¡¡crush¡¡the¡¡Milanese£»¡¡his¡¡masters¡£¡¡

His¡¡father£»¡¡Sforza£»¡¡having¡¡been¡¡engaged¡¡by¡¡Queen¡¡Johanna£§£«£§¡¡of¡¡Naples£»¡¡

left¡¡her¡¡unprotected£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡she¡¡was¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡throw¡¡herself¡¡into¡¡the¡¡arms¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡King¡¡of¡¡Aragon£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡save¡¡her¡¡kingdom¡£¡¡And¡¡if¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡

and¡¡Florentines¡¡formerly¡¡extended¡¡their¡¡dominions¡¡by¡¡these¡¡arms£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡

their¡¡captains¡¡did¡¡not¡¡make¡¡themselves¡¡princes£»¡¡but¡¡have¡¡defended¡¡them£»¡¡I¡¡

reply¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case¡¡have¡¡been¡¡favoured¡¡by¡¡chance£»¡¡for¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡able¡¡captains£»¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡they¡¡might¡¡have¡¡stood¡¡in¡¡fear£»¡¡some¡¡have¡¡not¡¡

conquered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡opposed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡others¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

ambitions¡¡elsewhere¡£¡¡One¡¡who¡¡did¡¡not¡¡conquer¡¡was¡¡Giovanni¡¡Acuto£»£§£¥£§¡¡

and¡¡since¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡conquer¡¡his¡¡fidelity¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡proved£»¡¡but¡¡every¡¡one¡¡

will¡¡¡¡¡¡acknowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡conquered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Florentines¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

stood¡¡at¡¡his¡¡discretion¡£¡¡Sforza¡¡had¡¡the¡¡Bracceschi¡¡always¡¡against¡¡him£»¡¡so¡¡

they¡¡¡¡¡¡watched¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Francesco¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡ambition¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡

Braccio¡¡against¡¡the¡¡Church¡¡and¡¡the¡¡kingdom¡¡of¡¡Naples¡£¡¡But¡¡let¡¡us¡¡come¡¡to¡¡

that¡¡which¡¡happened¡¡a¡¡short¡¡while¡¡ago¡£¡¡The¡¡Florentines¡¡appointed¡¡as¡¡their¡¡

captain¡¡Pagolo¡¡Vitelli£»¡¡a¡¡most¡¡prudent¡¡man£»¡¡who¡¡from¡¡a¡¡private¡¡position¡¡

had¡¡risen¡¡to¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡renown¡£¡¡If¡¡this¡¡man¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡Pisa£»¡¡nobody¡¡can¡¡

deny¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡proper¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Florentines¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

him£»¡¡for¡¡if¡¡he¡¡became¡¡the¡¡soldier¡¡of¡¡their¡¡enemies¡¡they¡¡had¡¡no¡¡means¡¡of¡¡

resisting£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡held¡¡to¡¡him¡¡they¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡obey¡¡him¡£¡¡The¡¡Venetians£»¡¡¡¡if¡¡

their¡¡achievements¡¡are¡¡considered£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡to¡¡have¡¡acted¡¡safely¡¡and¡¡

gloriously¡¡so¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡they¡¡¡¡sent¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡their¡¡¡¡own¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡when¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡armed¡¡

gentlemen¡¡and¡¡plebians¡¡they¡¡did¡¡valiantly¡£¡¡This¡¡was¡¡before¡¡they¡¡turned¡¡to¡¡

enterprises¡¡on¡¡land£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡they¡¡began¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡on¡¡land¡¡they¡¡forsook¡¡this¡¡

virtue¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡followed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡custom¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Italy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

expansion¡¡on¡¡land£»¡¡through¡¡not¡¡having¡¡much¡¡territory£»¡¡and¡¡because¡¡of¡¡their¡¡

great¡¡reputation£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡not¡¡much¡¡to¡¡fear¡¡from¡¡their¡¡captains£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡

they¡¡expanded£»¡¡as¡¡under¡¡Carmignuola£»£§#£§¡¡they¡¡had¡¡a¡¡taste¡¡of¡¡this¡¡mistake£»¡¡

for£»¡¡having¡¡found¡¡him¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡valiant¡¡man¡¡£¨they¡¡¡¡beat¡¡the¡¡Duke¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Milan¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡55¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡56¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



under¡¡his¡¡leadership£©£»¡¡and£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡knowing¡¡how¡¡lukewarm¡¡he¡¡

was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡war£»¡¡they¡¡feared¡¡they¡¡would¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡conquer¡¡under¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡

for¡¡this¡¡reason¡¡they¡¡were¡¡not¡¡willing£»¡¡nor¡¡were¡¡they¡¡able£»¡¡to¡¡let¡¡him¡¡go£»¡¡and¡¡

so£»¡¡not¡¡to¡¡lose¡¡again¡¡that¡¡which¡¡they¡¡had¡¡acquired£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡compelled£»¡¡in¡¡

order¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡themselves£»¡¡to¡¡murder¡¡him¡£¡¡They¡¡had¡¡afterwards¡¡for¡¡their¡¡

captains¡¡Bartolomeo¡¡da¡¡Bergamo£»¡¡Roberto¡¡da¡¡San¡¡Severino£»¡¡the¡¡count¡¡of¡¡

Pitigliano£»£§&£§¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡like£»¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡dread¡¡¡¡¡¡loss¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

gain£»¡¡as¡¡happened¡¡afterwards¡¡at¡¡Vaila£»£§£§¡¡where¡¡in¡¡one¡¡battle¡¡they¡¡lost¡¡that¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡eight¡¡¡¡¡¡hundred¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡acquired¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡trouble¡£¡¡

Because¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡arms¡¡¡¡¡¡conquests¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡slowly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡delayed¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

inconsiderable£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡losses¡¡sudden¡¡and¡¡portentous¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§*£§¡¡Battle¡¡of¡¡Caravaggio£»¡¡15th¡¡September¡¡1448¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§£«£§¡¡Johanna¡¡II¡¡of¡¡Naples£»¡¡the¡¡widow¡¡of¡¡Ladislao£»¡¡King¡¡of¡¡Naples¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§£¥£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Giovanni¡¡¡¡¡¡Acuto¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡An¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡knight¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡Sir¡¡¡¡¡¡John¡¡

Hawkwood¡£¡¡He¡¡fought¡¡in¡¡the¡¡English¡¡wars¡¡in¡¡France£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡knighted¡¡by¡¡

Edward¡¡III£»¡¡afterwards¡¡he¡¡collected¡¡a¡¡body¡¡of¡¡troops¡¡and¡¡went¡¡into¡¡Italy¡£¡¡

These¡¡became¡¡the¡¡famous¡¡¡¨White¡¡Company¡£¡¨¡¡He¡¡took¡¡part¡¡in¡¡many¡¡wars£»¡¡

and¡¡died¡¡in¡¡Florence¡¡in¡¡1394¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡born¡¡about¡¡1320¡¡at¡¡Sible¡¡Hedingham£»¡¡

a¡¡village¡¡in¡¡Essex¡£¡¡He¡¡married¡¡Domnia£»¡¡a¡¡daughter¡¡of¡¡Bernabo¡¡Visconti¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§#£§¡¡Carmignuola¡£¡¡Francesco¡¡Bussone£»¡¡born¡¡at¡¡Carmagnola¡¡about¡¡1390£»¡¡

executed¡¡at¡¡Venice£»¡¡5th¡¡May¡¡1432¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§&£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Bartolomeo¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Colleoni¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Bergamo£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡died¡¡¡¡¡¡1457¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Roberto¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡San¡¡

Severino£»¡¡died¡¡fighting¡¡for¡¡Venice¡¡against¡¡Sigismund£»¡¡Duke¡¡of¡¡Austria£»¡¡in¡¡

1487¡£¡¡¡¨Primo¡¡capitano¡¡in¡¡Italia¡£¡¨Machiavelli¡£¡¡Count¡¡of¡¡Pitigliano£»¡¡Nicolo¡¡

Orsini£»¡¡born¡¡1442£»¡¡died¡¡1510¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§£§¡¡Battle¡¡of¡¡Vaila¡¡in¡¡1509¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡as¡¡with¡¡these¡¡examples¡¡I¡¡have¡¡reached¡¡Italy£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡ruled¡¡

for¡¡many¡¡years¡¡by¡¡mercenaries£»¡¡I¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡discuss¡¡them¡¡more¡¡seriously£»¡¡in¡¡

order¡¡that£»¡¡having¡¡seen¡¡their¡¡rise¡¡and¡¡progress£»¡¡one¡¡may¡¡be¡¡better¡¡prepared¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡counteract¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡understand¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡empire¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡recently¡¡

come¡¡to¡¡be¡¡repudiated¡¡in¡¡Italy£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Pope¡¡has¡¡acquired¡¡more¡¡temporal¡¡

power£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡Italy¡¡has¡¡been¡¡divided¡¡up¡¡into¡¡more¡¡states£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡cities¡¡¡¡¡¡took¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡arms¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡nobles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡

formerly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡favoured¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡emperor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡oppressing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whilst¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡56¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡57¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Prince¡¡



Church¡¡was¡¡favouring¡¡them¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡authority¡¡in¡¡temporal¡¡power£º¡¡in¡¡

many¡¡others¡¡their¡¡citizens¡¡became¡¡princes¡£¡¡From¡¡this¡¡it¡¡came¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡that¡¡

Italy¡¡¡¡¡¡fell¡¡¡¡¡¡partly¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hands¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Church¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡republics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Church¡¡consisting¡¡of¡¡priests¡¡and¡¡the¡¡republic¡¡of¡¡citizens¡¡unaccustomed¡¡to¡¡

arms£»¡¡both¡¡commenced¡¡to¡¡enlist¡¡foreigners¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡first¡¡who¡¡gave¡¡renown¡¡to¡¡this¡¡soldiery¡¡was¡¡Alberigo¡¡da¡¡Conio£»£§*£§¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Romagnian¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡From¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sprang£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡others£»¡¡

Braccio¡¡and¡¡Sforza£»¡¡who¡¡in¡¡their¡¡time¡¡were¡¡the¡¡arbiters¡¡of¡¡Italy¡£¡¡After¡¡these¡¡

came¡¡all¡¡the¡¡other¡¡captains¡¡who¡¡till¡¡now¡¡have¡¡directed¡¡the¡¡arms¡¡of¡¡Italy£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡valour¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡overrun¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

Charles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡robbed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Louis£»¡¡¡¡¡¡ravaged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Ferdinand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡insulted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Switzers¡£¡¡The¡¡principle¡¡that¡¡has¡¡guided¡¡them¡¡has¡¡been£»¡¡first£»¡¡to¡¡lower¡¡the¡¡

credit¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡infantry¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡increase¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡

because£»¡¡subsisting¡¡on¡¡their¡¡pay¡¡and¡¡without¡¡territory£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡

support¡¡many¡¡soldiers£»¡¡and¡¡
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨1£© ²È£¨1£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡