a smaller history of greece-第38部分

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d　by　the　Persian　cavalry。　　He　now　proceeded　into　winter　quarters　at　Ephesus；　where　be　employed　himself　in　organizing　a　body　of　cavalry　to　compete　with　the　Persians。　　During　the　winter　the　army　was　brought　into　excellent　condition；　and　Agesilaus　gave　out　early　in　the　spring　of　395　B。C。　that　he　should　march　direct　upon　Sardis。　　Tissaphernes　suspecting　another　feint；　now　dispersed　his　cavalry　in　the　plain　of　the　Maeander。　　But　this　time　Agesilaus　marched　as　he　had　announced；　and　in　three　days　arrived　unopposed　on　the　banks　of　the　Pactolus；　before　the　Persian　cavalry　could　be　recalled。　　When　they　at　last　came　up；　the　newly　raised　Grecian　horse；　assisted　by　the　peltasts；　and　some　of　the　younger　and　more　active　hoplites；　soon　succeeded　in　putting　them　to　flight。　　Many　of　the　Persians　were　drowned　in　the　Pactolus；　and　their　camp；　containing　much　booty　and　several　camels；　was　taken。

Agesilaus　now　pushed　his　ravages　up　to　the　very　gates　of　Sardis；　the　residence　of　Tissaphernes。　　But　the　career　of　that　timid　and　treacherous　satrap　was　drawing　to　a　close。　　The　queen…mother；　Parysatis；　who　had　succeeded　in　regaining　her　influence　over　Artaxerxes；　caused　an　order　to　be　sent　down　from　Susa　for　his　execution；　in　pursuance　of　which　he　was　seized　in　a　bath　at　Colossae；　and　beheaded。　　Tithraustes；　who　had　been　intrusted　with　the　execution　of　this　order；　succeeded　Tissaphernes　in　the　satrapy；　and　immediately　reopened　negotiations　with　Agesilaus。　An　armistice　of　six　months　was　concluded；　and　meanwhile　Tithraustes；　by　a　subsidy　of　30　talents；　induced　Agesilaus　to　move　out　of　his　satrapy　into　that　of　Pharnabazus。

During　this　march　into　Phrygia　Agesilaus　received　a　new　commission　from　home；　appointing　him　the　head　of　the　naval　as　well　as　of　the　land　forcetwo　commands　never　before　united　in　a　single　Spartan。　　He　named　his　brother…in…law；　Pisander；　commander　of　the　fleet。　　But　in　the　following　year　（B。C。　394）；　whilst　he　was　preparing　an　expedition　on　a　grand　scale　into　the　interior　of　Asia　Minor；　he　was　suddenly　recalled　home　to　avert　the　dangers　which　threatened　his　native　country。

The　jealousy　and　ill…will　with　which　the　newly　acquired　empire　of　the　Spartans　was　regarded　by　the　other　Grecian　states　had　not　escaped　the　notice　of　the　Persians；　and　when　Tithraustes　succeeded　to　the　satrapy　of　Tissaphernes　he　resolved　to　avail　himself　of　this　feeling　by　exciting　a　war　against　Sparta　in　the　heart　of　Greece　itself。　　With　this　view　he　despatched　one　Timocrates；　a　Rhodian；　to　the　leading　Grecian　cities　which　appeared　hostile　to　Sparta；　carrying　with　him　a　sum　of　50　talents　to　be　distributed　among　the　chief　men　in　each　for　the　purpose　of　bringing　them　over　to　the　views　of　Persia。　　Timocrates　was　successful　in　Thebes；　Corinth；　and　Argos　but　he　appears　not　to　have　visited　Athens。

Hostilities　were　at　first　confined　to　Sparta　and　Thebes。　　A　quarrel　having　arisen　between　the　Opuntian　Locrians　and　the　Phocians　respecting　a　strip　of　border　land；　the　former　people　appealed　to　the　Thebans；　who　invaded　Phocis。　　The　Phocians　on　their　side　invoked　the　aid　of　the　Lacedaemonians；　who；　elated　with　the　prosperous　state　of　their　affairs　in　Asia；　and　moreover　desirous　of　avenging　the　affronts　they　had　received　from　the　Thebans；　readily　listened　to　the　appeal。　　Lysander；　who　took　an　active　part　in　promoting　the　war；　was　directed　to　attack　the　town　of　Haliartus；　and　it　was　arranged　that　King　Pausanias　should　join　him　on　a　fixed　day　under　the　walls　of　that　town；　with　the　main　body　of　the　Lacedaemonians　and　their　Peloponnesian　allies。

Nothing　could　more　strikingly　denote　the　altered　state　of　feeling　in　Greece　than　the　request　for　assistance　which　the　Thebans；　thus　menaced；　made　to　their　ancient　enemies　and　rivals　the　Athenians。　Nor　were　the　Athenians　backward　in　responding　to　the　appeal。　Lysander　arrived　at　Haliartus　before　Pausanias。　　Here；　in　a　sally　made　by　the　citizens；　opportunely　supported　by　the　unexpected　arrival　of　a　body　of　Thebans；　the　army　of　Lysander　was　routed；　and　himself　slain。　　His　troops　disbanded　and　dispersed　themselves　in　the　night　time。　　Thus；　when　Pausanias　at　last　came　up；　he　found　no　army　to　unite　with；　and　as　an　imposing　Athenian　force　had　arrived；　he　now；　with　the　advice　of　his　council　took　the　humiliating　stepalways　deemed　a　confession　of　inferiorityof　requesting　a　truce　in　order　to　bury　the　dead　who　had　fallen　in　the　preceding　battle。　　Even　this；　however；　the　Thebans　would　not　grant　except　on　the　condition　that　the　Lacedaemonians　should　immediately　quit　their　territory。　　With　these　terms　Pausanias　was　forced　to　comply；　and　after　duly　interring　the　bodies　of　Lysander　and　his　fallen　comrades；　the　Lacedaemonians　dejectedly　pursued　their　homeward　march。　　Pausanias；　afraid　to　face　the　public　indignation　of　the　Spartans　took　refuge　in　the　temple　of　Athena　Alea　at　Tegea；　and　being　condemned　to　death　in　his　absence；　only　escaped　that　fate　by　remaining　in　the　sanctuary。　　He　was　succeeded　by　his　son　Agesipolis。

The　enemies　of　Sparta　took　fresh　courage　from　this　disaster　to　her　arms。　　Athens；　Corinth；　and　Argos　now　formed　with　Thebes　a　solemn　alliance　against　her。　　The　league　was　soon　joined　by　the　Euboeans；　the　Acarnanians；　and　other　Grecian　states。　　In　the　spring　of　394　B。C。　the　allies　assembled　at　Corinth；　and　the　war；　which　had　been　hitherto　regarded　as　merely　Boeotian；　was　now　called　the　CORINTHIAN；　by　which　name　it　is　known　in　history。　This　threatening　aspect　of　affairs　determined　the　Ephors　to　recall　Agesilaus；　as　already　related。

The　allies　were　soon　in　a　condition　to　take　the　field　with　a　force　of　24；000　hoplites；　of　whom　one…fourth　were　Athenians；　together　with　a　considerable　body　of　light　troops　and　cavalry。　The　Lacedaemonians　had　also　made　the　most　active　preparations。　In　the　neighbourhood　of　Corinth　a　battle　was　fought；　in　which　the　Lacedaemonians　gained　the　victory；　though　their　allied　troops　were　put　to　the　rout。　　This　battle；　called　the　battle　of　Corinth；　was　fought　in　July　394　B。C。

Agesilaus；　who　had　relinquished　with　a　heavy　heart　his　projected　expedition　into　Asia；　was　now　on　his　homeward　march。　　By　the　promise　of　rewards　he　had　persuaded　the　bravest　and　most　efficient　soldiers　in　his　army　to　accompany　him；　amongst　whom　were　many　of　the　Ten　Thousand；　with　Xenophon　at　their　head。　　The　route　of　Agesilaus　was　much　the　same　as　the　one　formerly　traversed　by　Xerxes；　and　the　camels　which　accompanied　the　army　gave　it　somewhat　of　an　oriental　aspect。　　At　Amphipolis　he　received　the　news　of　the　victory　at　Corinth；　but　his　heart　was　so　full　of　schemes　against　Persia；　that　the　feeling　which　it　awakened　in　his　bosom　was　rather　one　of　regret　that　so　many　Greeks　had　fallen；　whose　united　efforts　might　have　emancipated　Asia　Minor；　than　of　joy　at　the　success　of　his　countrymen。　　Having　forced　his　way　through　a　desultory　opposition　offered　by　the　Thessalian　cavalry；　he　crossed　Mount　Othrys；　and　marched　unopposed　the　rest　of　the　way　through　the　straits　of　Thermopylae　to　the　frontiers　of　Phocis　and　Boeotia。　　Here　the　evil　tidings　reached　him　of　the　defeat　and　death　of　his　brother…in…law；　Pisander；　in　a　great　sea…fight　off　Cnidus　in　Caria　（August　394　B。C。）　Conon；　with　the　assistance　of　Pharnabazus；　had　succeeded　in　raising　a　powerful　fleet；　partly　Phoenician　and　partly　Grecian；　with　which　he　either　destroyed　or　captured　more　than　half　of　the　Lacedaemonian　fleet。　　Agesilaus；　fearing　the　impression　which　such　sad　news　might　produce　upon　his　men；　gave　out　that　the　Lacedaemonian　fleet　had　gained　a　victory；　and；　having　offered　sacrifice　as　if　for　a　victory；　he　ordered　an　advance。

Agesilaus　soon　came　up　with　the　confederate　army；　which　had　prepared　to　oppose　him　in　the　plain　of　Coronea。　　The　Thebans　succeeded　in　driving　in　the　Orchomenians；　who　formed　the　left　wing　of　the　army　of　Agesilaus；　and　penetrated　as　far　as　the　baggage　in　the　rear。　　But　on　the　remainder　of　the　line　Agesilaus　was　victorious；　and　the　Thebans　now　saw　themselves　cut　off　from　their　companions；　who　had　retreated　and　taken　up　a　position　on　Mount　Helicon。　　Facing　about　and　forming　in　deep　and　compact　order；　the　Thebans　sought　to　rejoin　the　main　body；　but　they　were　opposed　by　Agesilaus　and　his　troops。　　The　shock　of　the　conflicting　masses　which　ensued　was　one　of　the　most　terrible　recorded　in　the　annals　of　Grecian　warfare。　　The　shields　of　the　foremost　ranks　were　shattered；　and　their　spears　broken；　so　that　daggers　became　the　only　available　arm。　　Agesilaus；　who　was　in　the　front　ranks；　unequal　by　his　size　and　strength　to　sustain　so　furious　an　onset；　was　flung　down；　trodden　on；　and　covered　with　wounds；　but　the　devoted　courage　of　the　50　Spartans　forming　his　body…guard　rescued　him　from　death。　　The　Thebans　finally　forced　their　may　through；　but　not　without　severe　loss。　　The　victory　of　Agesilaus　was　not　very　decisive；　but　the　Thebans　tacitly　acknowledged　their　defeat　by　soliciting　the　customary　truce　for　the　burial　of　their　dead。

Agesilaus；　on　his　arrival　at　Sparta；　was　received　with　the　most　lively　demonstrations　of　gratitude　and　esteem；　and　became　hence…　forward　the　sole　director　of　Spartan　policy。

Thus　in　less　than　two　months　the　Lacedaemonians　had　fought　two　battles　on　land；　and　one　at　sea；　namely；　those　of　Corinth；　Coronea；　and　Cnidus。　　But；　though　they　had　been　victorious　in　the　land　engageme