large catechism-第10部分

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discharge　their　office；　not　only　to　support　and　provide　for　the　bodily
necessities　of　their　children；　servants；　subjects；　etc。；　but；　most　of
all；　to　train　them　to　the　honor　and　praise　of　God。　Therefore　do　not
think　that　this　is　left　to　your　pleasure　and　arbitrary　will；　but　that
it　is　a　strict　command　and　injunction　of　God；　to　whom　also　you　must
give　account　for　it。　

But　here　again　the　sad　plight　arises　that　no　one　perceives　or　heeds
this；　and　all　live　on　as　though　God　gave　us　children　for　our　pleasure
or　amusement；　and　servants　that　we　should　employ　them　like　a　cow　or
ass；　only　for　work；　or　as　though　we　were　only　to　gratify　our　wantonness
with　our　subjects；　ignoring　them；　as　though　it　were　no　concern　of　ours
what　they　learn　or　how　they　live；　and　no　one　is　willing　to　see　that
this　is　the　command　of　the　Supreme　Majesty；　who　will　most　strictly　call
us　to　account　and　punish　us　for　it；　nor　that　there　is　so　great　need　to
be　so　seriously　concerned　about　the　young。　For　if　we　wish　to　have
excellent　and　apt　persons　both　for　civil　and　ecclesiastical　government
we　must　spare　no　diligence；　time；　or　cost　in　teaching　and　educating　our
children；　that　they　may　serve　God　and　the　world；　and　we　must　not　think
only　how　we　may　amass　money　and　possessions　for　them。　For　God　can
indeed　without　us　support　and　make　them　rich；　as　He　daily　does。　But　for
this　purpose　He　has　given　us　children；　and　issued　this　command　that　we
should　train　and　govern　them　according　to　His　will；　else　He　would　have
no　need　of　father　and　mother。　Let　every　one　know　therefore；　that　it　is
his　duty；　on　peril　of　losing　the　divine　favor；　to　bring　up　his
children　above　all　things　in　the　fear　and　knowledge　of　God；　and　if　they
are　talented；　have　them　learn　and　study　something；　that　they　may　be
employed　for　whatever　need　there　is　＇to　have　them　instructed　and
trained　in　a　liberal　education；　that　men　may　be　able　to　have　their　aid
in　government　and　in　whatever　is　necessary＇。　

If　that　were　done；　God　would　also　richly　bless　us　and　give　us　grace　to
train　men　by　whom　land　and　people　might　be　improved　and　likewise　well
educated　citizens；　chaste　and　domestic　wives；　who　afterwards　would　rear
godly　children　and　servants。　Here　consider　now　what　deadly　injury　you
are　doing　if　you　be　negligent　and　fail　on　your　part　to　bring　up　your
child　to　usefulness　and　piety；　and　how　you　bring　upon　yourself　all　sin
and　wrath；　thus　earning　hell　by　your　own　children；　even　though　you　be
otherwise　pious　and　holy。　And　because　this　is　disregarded；　God　so
fearfully　punishes　the　world　that　there　is　no　discipline；　government；
or　peace；　of　which　we　all　complain；　but　do　not　see　that　it　is　our
fault；　for　as　we　train　them；　we　have　spoiled　and　disobedient　children
and　subjects。　Let　this　be　sufficient　exhortation；　for　to　draw　this　out
at　length　belongs　to　another　time。　

The　Fifth　Commandment。　

Thou　shalt　not　kill。
　
We　have　now　completed　both　the　spiritual　and　the　temporal　government；
that　is；　the　divine　and　the　paternal　authority　and　obedience。　But　here
now　we　go　forth　from　our　house　among　our　neighbors　to　learn　how　we
should　live　with　one　another；　every　one　himself　toward　his　neighbor。
Therefore　God　and　government　are　not　included　in　this　commandment　nor
is　the　power　to　kill；　which　they　have　taken　away。　For　God　has　delegated
His　authority　to　punish　evil…doers　to　the　government　instead　of
parents；　who　aforetime　（as　we　read　in　Moses）　were　required　to　bring
their　own　children　to　judgment　and　sentence　them　to　death。　Therefore；
what　is　here　forbidden　is　forbidden　to　the　individual　in　his　relation
to　any　one　else；　and　not　to　the　government。　

Now　this　commandment　is　easy　enough　and　has　been　often　treated；
because　we　hear　it　annually　in　the　Gospel　of　St。　Matthew；　5；　21　ff。；
where　Christ　Himself　explains　and　sums　it　up；　namely；　that　we　must　not
kill　neither　with　hand；　heart；　mouth；　signs；　gestures；　help；　nor
counsel。　Therefore　it　is　here　forbidden　to　every　one　to　be　angry；
except　those　（as　we　said）　who　are　in　the　place　of　God；　that　is；　parents
and　the　government。　For　it　is　proper　for　God　and　for　every　one　who　is
in　a　divine　estate　to　be　angry；　to　reprove　and　punish；　namely；　on
account　of　those　very　persons　who　transgress　this　and　the　other
commandments。　

But　the　cause　and　need　of　this　commandment　is　that　God　well　knows　that
the　world　is　evil；　and　that　this　life　has　much　unhappiness；　therefore
He　has　placed　this　and　the　other　commandments　between　the　good　and　the
evil。　Now；　as　there　are　many　assaults　upon　all　commandments；　so　it
happens　also　in　this　commandment　that　we　must　live　among　many　people
who　do　us　harm；　so　that　we　have　cause　to　be　hostile　to　them。　

As　when　your　neighbor　sees　that　you　have　a　better　house　and　home　＇a
larger　family　and　more　fertile　fields＇；　greater　possessions　and　fortune
from　God　than　he；　he　is　sulky；　envies　you；　and　speaks　no　good　of　you。　

Thus　by　the　devil's　incitement　you　will　get　many　enemies　who　cannot
bear　to　see　you　have　any　good；　either　bodily　or　spiritual。　When　we　see
such　people；　our　hearts；　in　turn；　would　rage　and　bleed　and　take
vengeance。　Then　there　arise　cursing　and　blows；　from　which　follow
finally　misery　and　murder。　Here；　now；　God　like　a　kind　father　steps　in
ahead　of　Us；　interposes　and　wishes　to　have　the　quarrel　settled；　that　no
misfortune　come　of　it；　nor　one　destroy　another。　And　briefly　He　would
hereby　protect；　set　free；　and　keep　in　peace　every　one　against　the　crime
and　violence　of　every　one　else；　and　would　have　this　commandment　placed
as　a　wall；　fortress；　and　refuge　about　our　neighbor；　that　we　do　him　no
hurt　nor　harm　in　his　body。　

Thus　this　commandment　aims　at　this；　that　no　one　offend　his　neighbor　on
account　of　any　evil　deed；　even　though　he　have　fully　deserved　it。　For
where　murder　is　forbidden；　all　cause　also　is　forbidden　whence　murder
may　originate。　For　many　a　one；　although　he　does　not　kill；　yet　curses
and　utters　a　wish；　which　would　stop　a　person　from　running　far　if　it
were　to　strike　him　in　the　neck　＇makes　imprecations；　which　if　fulfilled
with　respect　to　any　one；　he　would　not　live　long＇。　Now　since　this
inheres　in　every　one　by　nature　and　it　is　a　common　practice　that　no　one
is　willing　to　suffer　at　the　hands　of　another；　God　wishes　to　remove　the
root　and　source　by　which　the　heart　is　embittered　against　our　neighbor；
and　to　accustom　us　ever　to　keep　in　view　this　commandment；　always　to
contemplate　ourselves　in　it　as　in　a　mirror；　to　regard　the　will　of　God；
and　with　hearty　confidence　and　invocation　of　His　name　to　commit　to　Him
the　wrong　which　we　suffer。　Thus　we　shall　suffer　our　enemies　to　rage　and
be　angry；　doing　what　they　can；　and　we　learn　to　calm　our　wrath；　and　to
have　a　patient；　gentle　heart；　especially　toward　those　who　give　us　cause
to　be　angry；　that　is；　our　enemies。　

Therefore　the　entire　sum　of　what　it　means　not　to　kill　is　to　be
impressed　most　explicitly　upon　the　simple…minded。　In　the　first　place
that　we　harm　no　one；　first；　with　our　hand　or　by　deed。　Then；　that　we　do
not　employ　our　tongue　to　instigate　or　counsel　thereto。　Further；　that　we
neither　use　nor　assent　to　any　kind　of　means　or　methods　whereby　any　one
may　be　injured。　And　finally；　that　the　heart　be　not　ill　disposed　toward
any　one；　nor　from　anger　and　hatred　wish　him　ill；　so　that　body　and　soul
may　be　innocent　in　regard　to　every　one；　but　especially　those　who　wish
you　evil　or　inflict　such　upon　you。　For　to　do　evil　to　one　who　wishes　and
does　you　good　is　not　human；　but　diabolical。　

Secondly；　under　this　commandment　not　only　he　is　guilty　who　does　evil　to
his　neighbor；　but　he　also　who　can　do　him　good；　prevent；　resist　evil；
defend　and　save　him；　so　that　no　bodily　harm　or　hurt　happen　to　him　and
yet　does　not　do　it。　If；　therefore；　you　send　away　one　that　is　naked　when
you　could　clothe　him；　you　have　caused　him　to　freeze　to　death；　you　see
one　suffer　hunger　and　do　not　give　him　food；　you　have　caused　him　to
starve。　So　also；　if　you　see　any　one　innocently　sentenced　to　death　or　in
like　distress；　and　do　not　save　him；　although　you　know　ways　and　means　to
do　so；　you　have　killed　him。　And　it　will　not　avail　you　to　make　the
pretext　that　you　did　not　afford　any　help；　counsel；　or　aid　thereto　for
you　have　withheld　your　love　from　him　and　deprived　him　of　the　benefit
whereby　his　life　would　have　been　saved。　

Therefore　God　also　rightly　calls　all　those　murderers　who　do　not　afford
counsel　and　help　in　distress　and　danger　of　body　and　life；　and　will　pass
a　most　terrible　sentence　upon　them　in　the　last　day；　as　Christ　Himself
has　announced　when　He　shall　say；　Matt。25；　42f。：　I　was　an　hungered；　and
ye　gave　Me　no　meat；　I　was　thirsty；　and　ye　gave　Me　no　drink；　I　was　a
stranger；　and　ye　took　Me　not　in；　naked；　and　ye　clothed　Me　not；　sick　and
in　prison　and　ye　visited　Me　not。　That　is：　You　would　have　suffered　Me
and　Mine　to　die　of　hunger　thirst；　and　cold；　would　have　suffered　the
wild　beasts　to　tear　us　to　pieces；　or　left　us　to　rot　in　prison　or　perish
in　distress。　What　else　is　that　but　to　reproach　them　as　murderers　and
bloodhounds？　For　although　you　have　not　actually　done　all　this；　you　have
nevertheless；　so　far　as　you　were　concerned；　suffered　him　to　pine　and
perish　in　misfortune。　

It　is　just　as　if　I　saw　some　one　navigating　and　laboring　in　deep　water
＇and　struggl