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a footnote to history-第13部分

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Wilson arrived without him; and Becker broke up the meeting for 

want of a quorum。  There was some unedifying disputation as to 

whether he had waited ten or twenty minutes; whether he had been 

officially or unofficially informed by Wilson that Sewall was on 

the way; whether the statement had been made to himself or to Weber 

in answer to a question; and whether he had heard Wilson's answer 

or only Weber's question:  all otiose; if he heard the question; he 

was bound to have waited for the answer; if he heard it not; he 

should have put it himself; and it was the manifest truth that he 

rejoiced in his occasion。  〃Sir;〃 he wrote to Sewall; 〃I have the 

honour to inform you that; to my regret; I am obliged to consider 

the municipal government to be provisionally in abeyance since you 

have withdrawn your consent to the continuation of Mr。 Martin in 

his position as magistrate; and since you have refused to take part 

in the meeting of the municipal board agreed to for the purpose of 

electing a magistrate。  The government of the town and district of 

the municipality rests; as long as the municipality is in abeyance; 

with the Samoan government。  The Samoan government has taken over 

the administration; and has applied to the commander of the 

imperial German squadron for assistance in the preservation of good 

order。〃  This letter was not delivered until 4 P。M。  By three; 

sailors had been landed。  Already German colours flew over 

Tamasese's headquarters at Mulinuu; and German guards had occupied 

the hospital; the German consulate; and the municipal gaol and 

courthouse; where they stood to arms under the flag of Tamasese。  

The same day Sewall wrote to protest。  Receiving no reply; he 

issued on the morrow a proclamation bidding all Americans look to 

himself alone。  On the 26th; he wrote again to Becker; and on the 

27th received this genial reply: 〃Sir; your high favour of the 26th 

of this month; I give myself the honour of acknowledging。  At the 

same time I acknowledge the receipt of your high favour of the 14th 

October in reply to my communication of the same date; which 

contained the information of the suspension of the arrangements for 

the municipal government。〃  There the correspondence ceased。  And 

on the 18th January came the last step of this irritating intrigue 

when Tamasese appointed a judge … and the judge proved to be 

Martin。



Thus was the adventure of the Castle Municipal achieved by Sir 

Becker the chivalrous。  The taxes of Apia; the gaol; the police; 

all passed into the hands of Tamasese…Brandeis; a German was 

secured upon the bench; and the German flag might wave over her 

puppet unquestioned。  But there is a law of human nature which 

diplomatists should be taught at school; and it seems they are not; 

that men can tolerate bare injustice; but not the combination of 

injustice and subterfuge。  Hence the chequered career of the 

thimble…rigger。  Had the municipality been seized by open force; 

there might have been complaint; it would not have aroused the same 

lasting grudge。



This grudge was an ill gift to bring to Brandeis; who had trouble 

enough in front of him without。  He was an alien; he was supported 

by the guns of alien warships; and he had come to do an alien's 

work; highly needful for Samoa; but essentially unpopular with all 

Samoans。  The law to be enforced; causes of dispute between white 

and brown to be eliminated; taxes to be raised; a central power 

created; the country opened up; the native race taught industry:  

all these were detestable to the natives; and to all of these he 

must set his hand。  The more I learn of his brief term of rule; the 

more I learn to admire him; and to wish we had his like。



In the face of bitter native opposition; he got some roads 

accomplished。  He set up beacons。  The taxes he enforced with 

necessary vigour。  By the 6th of January; Aua and Fangatonga; 

districts in Tutuila; having made a difficulty; Brandeis is down at 

the island in a schooner; with the ADLER at his heels; seizes the 

chief Maunga; fines the recalcitrant districts in three hundred 

dollars for expenses; and orders all to be in by April 20th; which 

if it is not; 〃not one thing will be done;〃 he proclaimed; 〃but war 

declared against you; and the principal chiefs taken to a distant 

island。〃  He forbade mortgages of copra; a frequent source of 

trickery and quarrel; and to clear off those already contracted; 

passed a severe but salutary law。  Each individual or family was 

first to pay off its own obligation; that settled; the free man was 

to pay for the indebted village; the free village for the indebted 

province; and one island for another。  Samoa; he declared; should 

be free of debt within a year。  Had he given it three years; and 

gone more gently; I believe it might have been accomplished。  To 

make it the more possible; he sought to interdict the natives from 

buying cotton stuffs and to oblige them to dress (at least for the 

time) in their own tapa。  He laid the beginnings of a royal 

territorial army。  The first draft was in his hands drilling。  But 

it was not so much on drill that he depended; it was his hope to 

kindle in these men an ESPRIT DE CORPS; which should weaken the old 

local jealousies and bonds; and found a central or national party 

in the islands。  Looking far before; and with a wisdom beyond that 

of many merchants; he had condemned the single dependence placed on 

copra for the national livelihood。  His recruits; even as they 

drilled; were taught to plant cacao。  Each; his term of active 

service finished; should return to his own land and plant and 

cultivate a stipulated area。  Thus; as the young men continued to 

pass through the army; habits of discipline and industry; a central 

sentiment; the principles of the new culture; and actual gardens of 

cacao; should be concurrently spread over the face of the islands。



Tamasese received; including his household expenses; 1960 dollars a 

year; Brandeis; 2400。  All such disproportions are regrettable; but 

this is not extreme:  we have seen horses of a different colour 

since then。  And the Tamaseseites; with true Samoan ostentation; 

offered to increase the salary of their white premier:  an offer he 

had the wisdom and good feeling to refuse。  A European chief of 

police received twelve hundred。  There were eight head judges; one 

to each province; and appeal lay from the district judge to the 

provincial; thence to Mulinuu。  From all salaries (I gather) a 

small monthly guarantee was withheld。  The army was to cost from 

three to four thousand; Apia (many whites refusing to pay taxes 

since the suppression of the municipality) might cost three 

thousand more:  Sir Becker's high feat of arms coming expensive (it 

will be noticed) even in money。  The whole outlay was estimated at 

twenty…seven thousand; and the revenue forty thousand:  a sum Samoa 

is well able to pay。



Such were the arrangements and some of the ideas of this strong; 

ardent; and sanguine man。  Of criticisms upon his conduct; beyond 

the general consent that he was rather harsh and in too great a 

hurry; few are articulate。  The native paper of complaints was 

particularly childish。  Out of twenty…three counts; the first two 

refer to the private character of Brandeis and Tamasese。  Three 

complain that Samoan officials were kept in the dark as to the 

finances; one; of the tapa law; one; of the direct appointment of 

chiefs by Tamasese…Brandeis; the sort of mistake into which 

Europeans in the South Seas fall so readily; one; of the enforced 

labour of chiefs; one; of the taxes; and one; of the roads。  This I 

may give in full from the very lame translation in the American 

white book。  〃The roads that were made were called the Government 

Roads; they were six fathoms wide。  Their making caused much damage 

to Samoa's lands and what was planted on it。  The Samoans cried on 

account of their lands; which were taken high…handedly and abused。  

They again cried on account of the loss of what they had planted; 

which was now thrown away in a high…handed way; without any regard 

being shown or question asked of the owner of the land; or any 

compensation offered for the damage done。  This was different with 

foreigners' land; in their case permission was first asked to make 

the roads; the foreigners were paid for any destruction made。〃  The 

sting of this count was; I fancy; in the last clause。  No less than 

six articles complain of the administration of the law; and I 

believe that was never satisfactory。  Brandeis told me himself he 

was never yet satisfied with any native judge。  And men say (and it 

seems to fit in well with his hasty and eager character) that he 

would legislate by word of mouth; sometimes forget what he had 

said; and; on the same question arising in another province; decide 

it perhaps otherwise。
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