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a footnote to history-第31部分
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habitually respected; and there are many papers in England; and
still more in the States; even of leading organs in chief cities;
that might envy; and would do well to imitate; the courtesy and
discretion of the SAMOA TIMES。 Yet the editor; Cusack; is only an
amateur in journalism; and a carpenter by trade。 His chief fault
is one perhaps inevitable in so small a place … that he seems a
little in the leading of a clique; but his interest in the public
weal is genuine and generous。 One man's meat is another man's
poison: Anglo…Saxons and Germans have been differently brought up。
To our galled experience the paper appears moderate; to their
untried sensations it seems violent。 We think a public man fair
game; we think it a part of his duty; and I am told he finds it a
part of his reward; to be continually canvassed by the press。 For
the Germans; on the other hand; an official wears a certain
sacredness; when he is called over the coals; they are shocked; and
(if the official be a German) feel that Germany itself has been
insulted。 The SAMOA TIMES had been long a mountain of offence。
Brandeis had imported from the colonies another printer of the name
of Jones; to deprive Cusack of the government printing。 German
sailors had come ashore one day; wild with offended patriotism; to
punish the editor with stripes; and the result was delightfully
amusing。 The champions asked for the English printer。 They were
shown the wrong man; and the blows intended for Cusack had hailed
on the shoulders of his rival Jones。 On the 12th; Cusack had
reprinted an article from a San Francisco paper; the Germans had
complained; and de Coetlogon; in a moment of weakness; had fined
the editor twenty pounds。 The judgment was afterwards reversed in
Fiji; but even at the time it had not satisfied the Germans。 And
so now; on the third day of martial law; the paper was suppressed。
Here we have another of these international obscurities。 To Fritze
the step seemed natural and obvious; for Anglo…Saxons it was a hand
laid upon the altar; and the month was scarce out before the voice
of Senator Frye announced to his colleagues that free speech had
been suppressed in Samoa。
Perhaps we must seek some similar explanation for Fritze's short…
lived code; published and withdrawn the next day; the 23rd。 Fritze
himself was in no humour for extremities。 He was much in the
position of a lieutenant who should perceive his captain urging the
ship upon the rocks。 It is plain he had lost all confidence in his
commanding officer 〃upon the legal side〃; and we find him writing
home with anxious candour。 He had understood that martial law
implied military possession; he was in military possession of
nothing but his ship; and shrewdly suspected that his martial
jurisdiction should be confined within the same limits。 〃As a
matter of fact;〃 he writes; 〃we do not occupy the territory; and
cannot give foreigners the necessary protection; because Mataafa
and his people can at any moment forcibly interrupt me in my
jurisdiction。〃 Yet in the eyes of Anglo…Saxons the severity of his
code appeared burlesque。 I give but three of its provisions。 The
crime of inciting German troops 〃by any means; as; for instance;
informing them of proclamations by the enemy;〃 was punishable with
death; that of 〃publishing or secretly distributing anything;
whether printed or written; bearing on the war;〃 with prison or
deportation; and that of calling or attending a public meeting;
unless permitted; with the same。 Such were the tender mercies of
Knappe; lurking in the western end of the German quarter; where
Mataafa could 〃at any moment〃 interrupt his jurisdiction。
On the 22nd (day of the suppression of the TIMES) de Coetlogon
wrote to inquire if hostilities were intended against Great
Britain; which Knappe on the same day denied。 On the 23rd de
Coetlogon sent a complaint of hostile acts; such as the armed and
forcible entry of the RICHMOND before the declaration and arrest of
Gallien。 In his reply; dated the 24th; Knappe took occasion to
repeat; although now with more self…command; his former threat
against de Coetlogon。 〃I am still of the opinion;〃 he writes;
〃that even foreign consuls are liable to the application of martial
law; if they are guilty of offences against the belligerent state。〃
The same day (24th) de Coetlogon complained that Fletcher; manager
for Messrs。 MacArthur; had been summoned by Fritze。 In answer;
Knappe had 〃the honour to inform your Excellency that since the
declaration of the state of war; British subjects are liable to
martial law; and Mr。 Fletcher will be arrested if he does not
appear。〃 Here; then; was the gauntlet thrown down; and de
Coetlogon was burning to accept it。 Fletcher's offence was this。
Upon the 22nd a steamer had come in from Wellington; specially
chartered to bring German despatches to Apia。 The rumour came
along with her from New Zealand that in these despatches Knappe
would find himself rebuked; and Fletcher was accused of having
〃interested himself in the spreading of this rumour。〃 His arrest
was actually ordered; when Hand succeeded in persuading him to
surrender。 At the German court; the case was dismissed 〃WEGEN
NICHTIGKEIT〃; and the acute stage of these distempers may be said
to have ended。 Blessed are the peacemakers。 Hand had perhaps
averted a collision。 What is more certain; he had offered to the
world a perfectly original reading of the part of British seaman。
Hand may have averted a collision; I say; but I am tempted to
believe otherwise。 I am tempted to believe the threat to arrest
Fletcher was the last mutter of the declining tempest and a mere
sop to Knappe's self…respect。 I am tempted to believe the rumour
in question was substantially correct; and the steamer from
Wellington had really brought the German consul grounds for
hesitation; if not orders to retreat。 I believe the unhappy man to
have awakened from a dream; and to have read ominous writing on the
wall。 An enthusiastic popularity surrounded him among the Germans。
It was natural。 Consul and colony had passed through an hour of
serious peril; and the consul had set the example of undaunted
courage。 He was entertained at dinner。 Fritze; who was known to
have secretly opposed him; was scorned and avoided。 But the clerks
of the German firm were one thing; Prince Bismarck was another; and
on a cold review of these events; it is not improbable that Knappe
may have envied the position of his naval colleague。 It is
certain; at least; that he set himself to shuffle and capitulate;
and when the blow fell; he was able to reply that the martial law
business had in the meanwhile come right; that the English and
American consular courts stood open for ordinary cases and that in
different conversations with Captain Hand; 〃who has always
maintained friendly intercourse with the German authorities;〃 it
had been repeatedly explained that only the supply of weapons and
ammunition; or similar aid and support; was to come under German
martial law。 Was it weapons or ammunition that Fletcher had
supplied? But it is unfair to criticise these wrigglings of an
unfortunate in a false position。
In a despatch of the 23rd; which has not been printed; Knappe had
told his story: how he had declared war; subjected foreigners to
martial law; and been received with a counter…proclamation by the
English consul; and how (in an interview with Mataafa chiefs at the
plantation house of Motuotua; of which I cannot find the date) he
had demanded the cession of arms and of ringleaders for punishment;
and proposed to assume the government of the islands。 On February
12th he received Bismarck's answer: 〃You had no right to take
foreigners from the jurisdiction of their consuls。 The protest of
your English colleague is grounded。 In disputes which may arise
from this cause you will find yourself in the wrong。 The demand
formulated by you; as to the assumption of the government of Samoa
by Germany; lay outside of your instructions and of our design。
Take it immediately back。 If your telegram is here rightly
understood; I cannot call your conduct good。〃 It must be a hard
heart that does not sympathise with Knappe in the hour when he
received this document。 Yet it may be said that his troubles were
still in the beginning。 Men had contended against him; and he had
not prevailed; he was now to be at war with the elements; and find
his name identified with an immense disaster。
One more date; however; must be given first。 It was on February
27th that Fritze formally announced martial law to be suspended;
and himself to have relinquished the control of the police。
CHAPTER X … THE HURRICANE
MARCH 1889
THE so…called harbour of A
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