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a footnote to history-第6部分

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England and the States; when this man (the premier of a friendly 

sovereign) was kidnapped and deported; on the requisition of an 

American consul; by the captain of an English war…ship。  I shall 

have to tell; as I proceed; of villages shelled on very trifling 

grounds by Germans; the like has been done of late years; though in 

a better quarrel; by ourselves of England。  I shall have to tell 

how the Germans landed and shed blood at Fangalii; it was only in 

1876 that we British had our own misconceived little massacre at 

Mulinuu。  I shall have to tell how the Germans bludgeoned Malietoa 

with a sudden call for money; it was something of the suddenest 

that Sir Arthur Gordon himself; smarting under a sensible public 

affront; made and enforced a somewhat similar demand。







CHAPTER III … THE SORROWS OF LAUPEPA; 1883 TO 1887







YOU ride in a German plantation and see no bush; no soul stirring; 

only acres of empty sward; miles of cocoa…nut alley:  a desert of 

food。  In the eyes of the Samoan the place has the attraction of a 

park for the holiday schoolboy; of a granary for mice。  We must add 

the yet more lively allurement of a haunted house; for over these 

empty and silent miles there broods the fear of the negrito 

cannibal。  For the Samoan besides; there is something barbaric; 

unhandsome; and absurd in the idea of thus growing food only to 

send it from the land and sell it。  A man at home who should turn 

all Yorkshire into one wheatfield; and annually burn his harvest on 

the altar of Mumbo…Jumbo; might impress ourselves not much 

otherwise。  And the firm which does these things is quite 

extraneous; a wen that might be excised to…morrow without loss but 

to itself; few natives drawing from it so much as day's wages; and 

the rest beholding in it only the occupier of their acres。  The 

nearest villages have suffered most; they see over the hedge the 

lands of their ancestors waving with useless cocoa…palms; and the 

sales were often questionable; and must still more often appear so 

to regretful natives; spinning and improving yarns about the 

evening lamp。  At the worst; then; to help oneself from the 

plantation will seem to a Samoan very like orchard…breaking to the 

British schoolboy; at the best; it will be thought a gallant Robin…

Hoodish readjustment of a public wrong。



And there is more behind。  Not only is theft from the plantations 

regarded rather as a lark and peccadillo; the idea of theft in 

itself is not very clearly present to these communists; and as to 

the punishment of crime in general; a great gulf of opinion divides 

the natives from ourselves。  Indigenous punishments were short and 

sharp。  Death; deportation by the primitive method of setting the 

criminal to sea in a canoe; fines; and in Samoa itself the penalty 

of publicly biting a hot; ill…smelling root; comparable to a rough 

forfeit in a children's game … these are approved。  The offender is 

killed; or punished and forgiven。  We; on the other hand; harbour 

malice for a period of years:  continuous shame attaches to the 

criminal; even when he is doing his best … even when he is 

submitting to the worst form of torture; regular work … he is to 

stand aside from life and from his family in dreadful isolation。  

These ideas most Polynesians have accepted in appearance; as they 

accept other ideas of the whites; in practice; they reduce it to a 

farce。  I have heard the French resident in the Marquesas in talk 

with the French gaoler of Tai…o…hae: 〃EH BIEN; OU SONT VOS 

PRISONNIERES? … JE CROIS; MON COMMANDANT; QU'ELLES SONT ALLEES 

QUELQUE PART FAIRE UNE VISITE。〃  And the ladies would be welcome。  

This is to take the most savage of Polynesians; take some of the 

most civilised。  In Honolulu; convicts labour on the highways in 

piebald clothing; gruesome and ridiculous; and it is a common sight 

to see the family of such an one troop out; about the dinner hour; 

wreathed with flowers and in their holiday best; to picnic with 

their kinsman on the public wayside。  The application of these 

outlandish penalties; in fact; transfers the sympathy to the 

offender。  Remember; besides; that the clan system; and that 

imperfect idea of justice which is its worst feature; are still 

lively in Samoa; that it is held the duty of a judge to favour 

kinsmen; of a king to protect his vassals; and the difficulty of 

getting a plantation thief first caught; then convicted; and last 

of all punished; will appear。



During the early 'eighties; the Germans looked upon this system 

with growing irritation。  They might see their convict thrust in 

gaol by the front door; they could never tell how soon he was 

enfranchised by the back; and they need not be the least surprised 

if they met him; a few days after; enjoying the delights of a 

MALANGA。  It was a banded conspiracy; from the king and the vice…

king downward; to evade the law and deprive the Germans of their 

profits。  In 1883; accordingly; the consul; Dr。 Stuebel; extorted a 

convention on the subject; in terms of which Samoans convicted of 

offences against German subjects were to be confined in a private 

gaol belonging to the German firm。  To Dr。 Stuebel it seemed simple 

enough:  the offenders were to be effectually punished; the 

sufferers partially indemnified。  To the Samoans; the thing 

appeared no less simple; but quite different: 〃Malietoa was selling 

Samoans to Misi Ueba。〃  What else could be expected?  Here was a 

private corporation engaged in making money; to it was delegated; 

upon a question of profit and loss; one of the functions of the 

Samoan crown; and those who make anomalies must look for comments。  

Public feeling ran unanimous and high。  Prisoners who escaped from 

the private gaol were not recaptured or not returned and Malietoa 

hastened to build a new prison of his own; whither he conveyed; or 

pretended to convey; the fugitives。  In October 1885 a trenchant 

state paper issued from the German consulate。  Twenty prisoners; 

the consul wrote; had now been at large for eight months from 

Weber's prison。  It was pretended they had since then completed 

their term of punishment elsewhere。  Dr。 Stuebel did not seek to 

conceal his incredulity; but he took ground beyond; he declared the 

point irrelevant。  The law was to be enforced。  The men were 

condemned to a certain period in Weber's prison; they had run away; 

they must now be brought back and (whatever had become of them in 

the interval) work out the sentence。  Doubtless Dr。 Stuebel's 

demands were substantially just; but doubtless also they bore from 

the outside a great appearance of harshness; and when the king 

submitted; the murmurs of the people increased。



But Weber was not yet content。  The law had to be enforced; 

property; or at least the property of the firm; must be respected。  

And during an absence of the consul's; he seems to have drawn up 

with his own hand; and certainly first showed to the king; in his 

own house; a new convention。  Weber here and Weber there。  As an 

able man; he was perhaps in the right to prepare and propose 

conventions。  As the head of a trading company; he seems far out of 

his part to be communicating state papers to a sovereign。  The 

administration of justice was the colour; and I am willing to 

believe the purpose; of the new paper; but its effect was to depose 

the existing government。  A council of two Germans and two Samoans 

were to be invested with the right to make laws and impose taxes as 

might be 〃desirable for the common interest of the Samoan 

government and the German residents。〃  The provisions of this 

council the king and vice…king were to sign blindfold。  And by a 

last hardship; the Germans; who received all the benefit; reserved 

a right to recede from the agreement on six months' notice; the 

Samoans; who suffered all the loss; were bound by it in perpetuity。  

I can never believe that my friend Dr。 Stuebel had a hand in 

drafting these proposals; I am only surprised he should have been a 

party to enforcing them; perhaps the chief error in these islands 

of a man who has made few。  And they were enforced with a rigour 

that seems injudicious。  The Samoans (according to their own 

account) were denied a copy of the document; they were certainly 

rated and threatened; their deliberation was treated as contumacy; 

two German war…ships lay in port; and it was hinted that these 

would shortly intervene。



Succeed in frightening a child; and he takes refuge in duplicity。  

〃Malietoa;〃 one of the chiefs had written; 〃we know well we are in 

bondage to the great governments。〃  It was now thought one tyrant 

might be better than three; and any one preferable to Germany。  On 

the 5th November 1885; accordingly; Laupepa; Tamasese; and forty…

eight high chiefs met in secret; and the supremacy of Samoa was 

secretly offered to Great Britain for the se
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