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a footnote to history-第6部分
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England and the States; when this man (the premier of a friendly
sovereign) was kidnapped and deported; on the requisition of an
American consul; by the captain of an English war…ship。 I shall
have to tell; as I proceed; of villages shelled on very trifling
grounds by Germans; the like has been done of late years; though in
a better quarrel; by ourselves of England。 I shall have to tell
how the Germans landed and shed blood at Fangalii; it was only in
1876 that we British had our own misconceived little massacre at
Mulinuu。 I shall have to tell how the Germans bludgeoned Malietoa
with a sudden call for money; it was something of the suddenest
that Sir Arthur Gordon himself; smarting under a sensible public
affront; made and enforced a somewhat similar demand。
CHAPTER III … THE SORROWS OF LAUPEPA; 1883 TO 1887
YOU ride in a German plantation and see no bush; no soul stirring;
only acres of empty sward; miles of cocoa…nut alley: a desert of
food。 In the eyes of the Samoan the place has the attraction of a
park for the holiday schoolboy; of a granary for mice。 We must add
the yet more lively allurement of a haunted house; for over these
empty and silent miles there broods the fear of the negrito
cannibal。 For the Samoan besides; there is something barbaric;
unhandsome; and absurd in the idea of thus growing food only to
send it from the land and sell it。 A man at home who should turn
all Yorkshire into one wheatfield; and annually burn his harvest on
the altar of Mumbo…Jumbo; might impress ourselves not much
otherwise。 And the firm which does these things is quite
extraneous; a wen that might be excised to…morrow without loss but
to itself; few natives drawing from it so much as day's wages; and
the rest beholding in it only the occupier of their acres。 The
nearest villages have suffered most; they see over the hedge the
lands of their ancestors waving with useless cocoa…palms; and the
sales were often questionable; and must still more often appear so
to regretful natives; spinning and improving yarns about the
evening lamp。 At the worst; then; to help oneself from the
plantation will seem to a Samoan very like orchard…breaking to the
British schoolboy; at the best; it will be thought a gallant Robin…
Hoodish readjustment of a public wrong。
And there is more behind。 Not only is theft from the plantations
regarded rather as a lark and peccadillo; the idea of theft in
itself is not very clearly present to these communists; and as to
the punishment of crime in general; a great gulf of opinion divides
the natives from ourselves。 Indigenous punishments were short and
sharp。 Death; deportation by the primitive method of setting the
criminal to sea in a canoe; fines; and in Samoa itself the penalty
of publicly biting a hot; ill…smelling root; comparable to a rough
forfeit in a children's game … these are approved。 The offender is
killed; or punished and forgiven。 We; on the other hand; harbour
malice for a period of years: continuous shame attaches to the
criminal; even when he is doing his best … even when he is
submitting to the worst form of torture; regular work … he is to
stand aside from life and from his family in dreadful isolation。
These ideas most Polynesians have accepted in appearance; as they
accept other ideas of the whites; in practice; they reduce it to a
farce。 I have heard the French resident in the Marquesas in talk
with the French gaoler of Tai…o…hae: 〃EH BIEN; OU SONT VOS
PRISONNIERES? … JE CROIS; MON COMMANDANT; QU'ELLES SONT ALLEES
QUELQUE PART FAIRE UNE VISITE。〃 And the ladies would be welcome。
This is to take the most savage of Polynesians; take some of the
most civilised。 In Honolulu; convicts labour on the highways in
piebald clothing; gruesome and ridiculous; and it is a common sight
to see the family of such an one troop out; about the dinner hour;
wreathed with flowers and in their holiday best; to picnic with
their kinsman on the public wayside。 The application of these
outlandish penalties; in fact; transfers the sympathy to the
offender。 Remember; besides; that the clan system; and that
imperfect idea of justice which is its worst feature; are still
lively in Samoa; that it is held the duty of a judge to favour
kinsmen; of a king to protect his vassals; and the difficulty of
getting a plantation thief first caught; then convicted; and last
of all punished; will appear。
During the early 'eighties; the Germans looked upon this system
with growing irritation。 They might see their convict thrust in
gaol by the front door; they could never tell how soon he was
enfranchised by the back; and they need not be the least surprised
if they met him; a few days after; enjoying the delights of a
MALANGA。 It was a banded conspiracy; from the king and the vice…
king downward; to evade the law and deprive the Germans of their
profits。 In 1883; accordingly; the consul; Dr。 Stuebel; extorted a
convention on the subject; in terms of which Samoans convicted of
offences against German subjects were to be confined in a private
gaol belonging to the German firm。 To Dr。 Stuebel it seemed simple
enough: the offenders were to be effectually punished; the
sufferers partially indemnified。 To the Samoans; the thing
appeared no less simple; but quite different: 〃Malietoa was selling
Samoans to Misi Ueba。〃 What else could be expected? Here was a
private corporation engaged in making money; to it was delegated;
upon a question of profit and loss; one of the functions of the
Samoan crown; and those who make anomalies must look for comments。
Public feeling ran unanimous and high。 Prisoners who escaped from
the private gaol were not recaptured or not returned and Malietoa
hastened to build a new prison of his own; whither he conveyed; or
pretended to convey; the fugitives。 In October 1885 a trenchant
state paper issued from the German consulate。 Twenty prisoners;
the consul wrote; had now been at large for eight months from
Weber's prison。 It was pretended they had since then completed
their term of punishment elsewhere。 Dr。 Stuebel did not seek to
conceal his incredulity; but he took ground beyond; he declared the
point irrelevant。 The law was to be enforced。 The men were
condemned to a certain period in Weber's prison; they had run away;
they must now be brought back and (whatever had become of them in
the interval) work out the sentence。 Doubtless Dr。 Stuebel's
demands were substantially just; but doubtless also they bore from
the outside a great appearance of harshness; and when the king
submitted; the murmurs of the people increased。
But Weber was not yet content。 The law had to be enforced;
property; or at least the property of the firm; must be respected。
And during an absence of the consul's; he seems to have drawn up
with his own hand; and certainly first showed to the king; in his
own house; a new convention。 Weber here and Weber there。 As an
able man; he was perhaps in the right to prepare and propose
conventions。 As the head of a trading company; he seems far out of
his part to be communicating state papers to a sovereign。 The
administration of justice was the colour; and I am willing to
believe the purpose; of the new paper; but its effect was to depose
the existing government。 A council of two Germans and two Samoans
were to be invested with the right to make laws and impose taxes as
might be 〃desirable for the common interest of the Samoan
government and the German residents。〃 The provisions of this
council the king and vice…king were to sign blindfold。 And by a
last hardship; the Germans; who received all the benefit; reserved
a right to recede from the agreement on six months' notice; the
Samoans; who suffered all the loss; were bound by it in perpetuity。
I can never believe that my friend Dr。 Stuebel had a hand in
drafting these proposals; I am only surprised he should have been a
party to enforcing them; perhaps the chief error in these islands
of a man who has made few。 And they were enforced with a rigour
that seems injudicious。 The Samoans (according to their own
account) were denied a copy of the document; they were certainly
rated and threatened; their deliberation was treated as contumacy;
two German war…ships lay in port; and it was hinted that these
would shortly intervene。
Succeed in frightening a child; and he takes refuge in duplicity。
〃Malietoa;〃 one of the chiefs had written; 〃we know well we are in
bondage to the great governments。〃 It was now thought one tyrant
might be better than three; and any one preferable to Germany。 On
the 5th November 1885; accordingly; Laupepa; Tamasese; and forty…
eight high chiefs met in secret; and the supremacy of Samoa was
secretly offered to Great Britain for the se
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