the spirit of laws-第3部分

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1。　Of　the　Relation　of　Laws　to　Different　Beings

2。　Of　the　Laws　of　Nature

3。　Of　Positive　Laws

Book　II。　Of　Laws　Directly　Derived　from　the　Nature　of　Government

1。　Of　the　Nature　of　the　Three　Different　Governments

2。　Of　the　Republican　Government；　and　the　Laws　in　Relation　to　Democracy

3。　Of　the　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Nature　of　Aristocracy

4。　Of　the　Relation　of　Laws　to　the　Nature　of　Monarchical　Government

5。　Of　the　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Nature　of　a　Despotic　Government

Book　III。　Of　the　Principles　of　the　Three　Kinds　of　Government

1。　Difference　Between　the　Nature　and　Principle　of　Government

2。　Of　the　Principle　of　Different　Governments

3。　Of　the　Principle　of　Democracy

4。　Of　the　Principle　of　Aristocracy

5。　That　Virtue　Is　Not　the　Principle　of　a　Monarchical　Government

6。　In　What　Manner　Virtue　Is　Supplied　in　a　Monarchical　Government

7。　Of　the　Principle　of　Monarchy

8。　That　Honour　Is　Not　the　Principle　of　Despotic　Government

9。　Of　the　Principle　of　Despotic　Government

10。　Difference　of　Obedience　in　Moderate　and　Despotic　Governments

11。　Reflections　on　the　Preceding　Chapters

Book　IV。　That　the　Laws　of　Education　Ought　to　Be　in　Relation　to　the　Principles　of　Government

1。　Of　the　Laws　of　Education

2。　Of　Education　in　Monarchies

3。　Of　Education　in　a　Despotic　Government

4。　Difference　between　the　Effects　of　Ancient　and　Modern　Education

5。　Of　Education　in　a　Republican　Government

6。　Of　some　Institutions　among　the　Greeks

7。　In　What　Cases　These　Singular　Institutions　May　Be　of　Service

8。　Explanation　of　a　Paradox　of　the　Ancients　in　Respect　to　Manners

Book　V。　That　the　Laws　Given　by　the　Legislator　Ought　to　Be　in　Relation　to　the　Principle　of　Government

1。　Idea　of　This　Book

2。　What　Is　Meant　by　Virtue　in　a　Political　State

3。　What　Is　Meant　by　a　Love　of　the　Republic　in　a　Democracy

4。　In　What　Manner　the　Love　of　Equality　and　Frugality　Is　Inspired

5。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Establish　Equality　in　a　Democracy

6。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Ought　to　Maintain　Frugality　in　a　Democracy

7。　Other　Methods　of　Favouring　the　Principle　of　Democracy

8。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Should　Relate　to　the　Principle　of　Government　in　an　Aristocracy

9。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Are　in　Relation　to　Their　Principle　in　Monarchies

10。　Of　the　Expedition　Peculiar　to　the　Executive　Power　in　Monarchies

11。　Of　the　Excellence　of　a　Monarchical　Government

12。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

13。　An　Idea　of　Despotic　Power

14。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　Are　in　Relation　to　the　Principles　of　Despotic　Government

15。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

16。　Of　the　Communication　of　Power

17。　Of　Presents

18。　Of　Rewards　Conferred　by　the　Sovereign

19。　New　Consequences　of　the　Principles　of　the　Three　Governments

Book　VI。　Consequences　of　the　Principles　of　Different　Governments　with　Respect　to　the　Simplicity　of　Civil　and　Criminal　Laws；　the　Form　of　Judgments；　and　the　Inflicting　of　Punishments

1。　Of　the　Simplicity　of　Civil　Laws　in　Different　Governments

2。　Of　the　Simplicity　of　Criminal　Laws　in　Different　Governments

3。　In　What　Governments　and　in　What　Cases　the　Judges　Ought　to　Determine　According　to　the　Express　Letter　of　the　Law

4。　Of　the　Manner　of　Passing　Judgment

5。　In　What　Governments　the　Sovereign　May　Be　Judge

6。　That　in　Monarchies　Ministers　Ought　Not　to　Sit　as　Judges

7。　Of　a　Single　Magistrate

8。　Of　Accusation　in　Different　Governments

9。　Of　the　Severity　of　Punishments　in　Different　Governments

10。　Of　the　Ancient　French　Laws

11。　That　When　People　Are　Virtuous；　Few　Punishments　Are　Necessary

12。　Of　the　Power　of　Punishments

13。　Insufficiency　of　the　Laws　of　Japan

14。　Of　the　Spirit　of　the　Roman　Senate

15。　Of　the　Roman　Laws　in　Respect　to　Punishments

16。　Of　the　Just　Proportion　between　Punishments　and　Crimes

17。　Of　the　Rack

18。　Of　Pecuniary　and　Corporal　Punishments

19。　Of　the　Law　of　Retaliation

20。　Of　the　Punishment　of　Fathers　for　the　Crimes　of　Their　Children

21。　Of　the　Clemency　of　the　Prince

Book　VII。　Consequences　of　the　Different　Principles　of　the　Three　Governments　with　Respect　to　Sumptuary　Laws；　Luxury；　and　the　Condition　of　Women

1。　Of　Luxury

2。　Of　Sumptuary　Laws　in　a　Democracy

3。　Of　Sumptuary　Laws　in　an　Aristocracy

4。　Of　Sumptuary　Laws　in　a　Monarchy

5。　In　What　Cases　Sumptuary　Laws　Are　Useful　in　a　Monarchy

6。　Of　the　Luxury　of　China

7。　Fatal　Consequences　of　Luxury　in　China

8。　Of　Public　Continency

9。　Of　the　Condition　or　State　of　Women　in　Different　Governments

10。　Of　the　Domestic　Tribunal　among　the　Romans

11。　In　What　Manner　the　Institutions　Changed　at　Rome；　Together　with　the　Government

12。　Of　the　Guardianship　of　Women　among　the　Romans

13。　Of　the　Punishments　Decreed　by　the　Emperors　against　the　Incontinence　of　Women

14。　Sumptuary　Laws　among　the　Romans

15。　Of　Dowries　and　Nuptial　Advantages　in　Different　Constitutions

16。　An　Excellent　Custom　of　the　Samnites

17。　Of　Female　Administration

Book　VIII。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principles　of　the　Three　Governments

1。　General　Idea　of　This　Book

2。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principles　of　Democracy

3。　Of　the　Spirit　of　Extreme　Equality

4。　Particular　Cause　of　the　Corruption　of　the　People

5。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Aristocracy

6。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Monarchy

7。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

8。　Danger　of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Monarchical　Government

9。　How　Ready　the　Nobility　Are　to　Defend　the　Throne

10。　Of　the　Corruption　of　the　Principle　of　Despotic　Government

11。　Natural　Effects　of　the　Goodness　and　Corruption　of　the　Principles　of　Government

12。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

13。　The　Effect　of　an　Oath　among　Virtuous　People

14。　How　the　Smallest　Change　of　the　Constitution　Is　Attended　with　the　Ruin　of　its　Principles

15。　Sure　Methods　of　Preserving　the　Three　Principles

16。　Distinctive　Properties　of　a　Republic

17。　Distinctive　Properties　of　a　Monarchy

18。　Particular　Case　of　the　Spanish　Monarchy

19。　Distinctive　Properties　of　a　Despotic　Government

20。　Consequence　of　the　Preceding　Chapters

21。　Of　the　Empire　of　China

Book　IX。　Of　Laws　in　the　Relation　They　Bear　to　a　Defensive　Force

1。　In　What　Manner　Republics　Provide　for　Their　Safety

2。　That　a　Confederate　Government　Ought　to　Be　Composed　of　States　of　the　Same　Nature；　Especially　of　the　Republican　Kind

3。　Other　Requisites　in　a　Confederate　Republic

4。　In　What　Manner　Despotic　Governments　Provide　for　their　Security

5。　In　What　Manner　a　Monarchical　Government　Provides　for　Its　Security

6。　Of　the　Defensive　Force　of　States　in　General

7。　A　Reflection

8。　A　Particular　Case　in　Which　the　Defensive　Force　of　a　State　Is　Inferior　to　the　Offensive

9。　Of　the　Relative　Force　of　States

10。　Of　the　Weakness　of　Neighbouring　States

Book　X。　Of　Laws　in　the　Relation　They　Bear　to　Offensive　Force

1。　Of　Offensive　Force

2。　Of　War

3。　Of　the　Right　of　Conquest

4。　Some　Advantages　of　a　Conquered　People

5。　Gelon；　King　of　Syracuse

6。　Of　Conquest　Made　by　a　Republic

7。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

8。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

9。　Of　Conquests　Made　by　a　Monarchy

10。　Of　One　Monarchy　That　Subdues　Another

11。　Of　the　Manners　of　a　Conquered　People

12。　Of　a　Law　of　Cyrus

13。　Charles　XII

14。　Alexander

15。　New　Methods　of　Preserving　a　Conquest

16。　Of　Conquests　Made　by　a　Despotic　Prince

17。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

Book　XI。　Of　the　Laws　Which　Establish　Political　Liberty；　with　Regard　to　the　Constitution

1。　A　General　Idea

2。　Different　Significations　of　the　Word　Liberty

3。　In　What　Liberty　Consists

4。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

5。　Of　the　End　or　View　of　Different　Governments

6。　Of　the　Constitution　of　England

7。　Of　the　Monarchies　We　Are　Acquainted　With

8。　Why　the　Ancients　Had　Not　a　Clear　Idea　of　Monarchy

9。　Aristotle's　Manner　of　Thinking

10。　What　Other　Politicians　Thought

11。　Of　the　Kings　of　the　Heroic　Times　of　Greece

12。　Of　the　Government　of　the　Kings　of　Rome；　and　in　What　Manner　the　Three　Powers　Were　There　Distributed

13。　General　Reflections　on　the　State　of　Rome　after　the　Expulsion　of　its　Kings

14。　In　What　Manner　the　Distribution　of　the　Three　Powers　Began　to　Change　after　the　Expulsion　of　the　Kings

15。　In　What　Manner　Rome；　in　the　Flourishing　State　of　That　Republic；　Suddenly　Lost　its　Liberty

16。　Of　the　Legislative　Power　in　the　Roman　Republic

17。　Of　the　Executive　Power　in　the　Same　Republic

18。　Of　the　Judiciary　Power　in　the　Roman　Government

19。　Of　the　Government　of　the　Roman　Provinces

20。　The　End　of　This　Book

Book　XII。　Of　the　Laws　That　Form　Political　Liberty；　in　Relation　to　the　Subject

1。　Idea　of　This　Book

2。　Of　the　Liberty　of　the　Subject

3。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

4。　That　Liberty　is　Favoured　by　the　Nature　and　Proportion　of　Punishments

5。　Of　Certain　Accusations　That　Require　Particular　Moderation　and　Prudence

6。　Of　the　Crime　against　Nature

7。　Of　the　Crime　of　High　Treason

8。　Of　the　Misapplication　of　the　Terms　Sacrilege　and　High　Treason

9。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

10。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

11。　Of　Thoughts

12。　Of　Indiscreet　Speeches

13。　Of　Writings

14。　Breach　of　Modesty　in　Punishing　Crimes

15。　Of　the　Enfra