the spirit of laws-第4部分

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13。　Of　Writings

14。　Breach　of　Modesty　in　Punishing　Crimes

15。　Of　the　Enfranchisement　of　Slaves　in　Order　to　Accuse　Their　Master

16。　Of　Calumny　with　Regard　to　the　Crime　of　High　Treason

17。　Of　the　Revealing　of　Conspiracies

18。　How　Dangerous　It　Is　in　Republics　to　Be　Too　Severe　in　Punishing　the　Crime　of　High　Treason

19。　In　What　Manner　the　Use　of　Liberty　Is　Suspended　in　a　Republic

20。　Of　Laws　Favourable　to　the　Liberty　of　the　Subject　in　a　Republic

21。　Of　the　Cruelty　of　Laws　in　Respect　to　Debtors　in　a　Republic

22。　Of　Things　That　Strike　at　Liberty　in　Monarchies

23。　Of　Spies　in　Monarchies

24。　Of　Anonymous　Letters

25。　Of　the　Manner　of　Governing　in　Monarchies

26。　That　in　a　Monarchy　the　Prince　Ought　to　Be　of　Easy　Access

27。　Of　the　Manners　of　a　Monarch

28。　Of　the　Regard　Which　Monarchs　Owe　to　Their　Subjects

29。　Of　the　Civil　Laws　Proper　for　Mixing　Some　Portion　of　Liberty　in　a　Despotic　Government

30。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

Book　XIII。　Of　the　Relation　Which　the　Levying　of　Taxes　and　the　Greatness　of　the　Public　Revenues　Bear　to　Liberty

1。　Of　the　Public　Revenues

2。　That　It　Is　Bad　Reasoning　to　Say　That　the　Greatness　of　Taxes　Is　Good　in　its　Own　Nature

3。　Of　Taxes　in　Countries　Where　Part　of　the　People　Are　Villains　or　Bondmen

4。　Of　a　Republic　in　the　Like　Case

5。　Of　a　Monarchy　in　the　Like　Case

6。　Of　a　Despotic　Government　in　the　Like　Case

7。　Of　Taxes　in　Countries　where　Villainage　is　Not　Established

8。　In　What　Manner　the　Deception　Is　Preserved

9。　Of　a　Bad　Kind　of　Impost

10。　That　the　Greatness　of　Taxes　Depends　on　the　Nature　of　the　Government

11。　Of　Confiscations

12。　Relation　between　the　Weight　of　Taxes　and　Liberty

13。　In　What　Government　Taxes　Are　Capable　of　Increase

14。　That　the　Nature　of　the　Taxes　Is　in　Relation　to　the　Government

15。　Abuse　of　Liberty

16。　Of　the　Conquests　of　the　Mahometans

17。　Of　the　Augmentation　of　Troops

18。　Of　an　Exemption　from　Taxes

19。　Which　Is　More　Suitable　to　the　Prince　and　to　the　People；　the　Farming　the　Revenues；　or　Managing　Them　by　Commission？

20。　Of　the　Farmers　of　the　Revenues

Book　XIV。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Nature　of　the　Climate

1。　General　Idea

2。　Of　the　Difference　of　Men　in　Different　Climates

3。　Contradiction　in　the　Tempers　of　Some　Southern　Nations

4。　Cause　of　the　Immutability　of　Religion；　Manners；　Customs；　and　Laws；　in　the　Eastern　Countries

5。　That　Those　Are　Bad　Legislators　Who　Favour　the　Vices　of　the　Climate；　and　Good　Legislators　Who　Oppose　Those　Vices

6。　Of　Agriculture　in　Warm　Climates

7。　Of　Monkery

8。　An　Excellent　Custom　of　China

9。　Means　of　Encouraging　Industry

10。　Of　the　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Sobriety　of　the　People

11。　Of　the　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Distempers　of　the　Climate

12。　Of　the　Laws　against　Suicides

13。　Effects　Arising　from　the　Climate　of　England

14。　Other　Effects　of　the　Climate

15。　Of　the　Different　Confidence　Which　the　Laws　Have　in　the　People；　According　to　the　Difference　of　Climates

Book　XV。　In　What　Manner　the　Laws　of　Civil　Slavery　Relate　to　the　Nature　of　the　Climate

1。　Of　Civil　Slavery

2。　Origin　of　the　Right　of　Slavery　among　the　Roman　Civilians

3。　Another　Origin　of　the　Right　of　Slavery

4。　Another　Origin　of　the　Right　of　Slavery

5。　Of　the　Slavery　of　the　Negroes

6。　The　True　Origin　of　the　Right　of　Slavery

7。　Another　Origin　of　the　Right　of　Slavery

8。　Inutility　of　Slavery　among　Us

9。　Several　Kinds　of　Slavery

10。　Regulations　Necessary　in　Respect　to　Slavery

11。　Abuses　of　Slavery

12。　Danger　from　the　Multitude　of　Slaves

13。　Of　Armed　Slaves

14。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

15。　Precautions　to　Be　Used　in　Moderate　Governments

16。　Regulations　between　Masters　and　Slaves

17。　Of　Enfranchisements

18。　Of　Freedmen　and　Eunuchs

Book　XVI。　How　the　Laws　of　Domestic　Slavery　Bear　a　Relation　to　the　Nature　of　the　Climate

1。　Of　Domestic　Servitude

2。　That　in　the　Countries　of　the　South　There　Is　a　Natural　Inequality　between　the　Two　Sexes

3。　That　a　Plurality　of　Wives　Greatly　Depends　on　the　Means　of　Supporting　Them

4。　That　the　Law　of　Polygamy　Is　an　Affair　That　Depends　on　Calculation

5。　The　Reason　of　a　Law　of　Malabar

6。　Of　Polygamy　Considered　in　Itself

7。　Of　an　Equality　of　Treatment　in　Case　of　Many　Wives

8。　Of　the　Separation　of　Women　from　Men

9。　Of　the　Connection　between　Domestic　and　Political　Government

10。　The　Principle　on　Which　the　Morals　of　the　East　Are　Founded

11。　Of　Domestic　Slavery　Independently　of　Polygamy

12。　Of　Natural　Modesty

13。　Of　Jealousy

14。　Of　the　Eastern　Manner　of　Domestic　Government

15。　Of　Divorce　and　Repudiation

16。　Of　Repudiation　and　Divorce　among　the　Romans

Book　XVII。　How　the　Laws　of　Political　Servitude　Bear　a　Relation　to　the　Nature　of　the　Climate

1。　Of　Political　Servitude

2。　The　Difference　between　Nations　in　Point　of　Courage

3。　Of　the　Climate　of　Asia

4。　The　Consequences　Resulting　from　This

5。　That　When　the　People　in　the　North　of　Asia　and　Those　of　the　North　of　Europe　Made　Conquests；　the　Effects　of　the　Conquests　Were　Not　the　Same

6。　A　new　Physical　Cause　of　the　Slavery　of　Asia；　and　of　the　Liberty　of　Europe

7。　Of　Africa　and　America

8。　Of　the　Capital　of　the　Empire

Book　XVIII。　Of　Laws　in　the　Relation　They　Bear　to　the　Nature　of　the　Soil

1。　How　the　Nature　of　the　Soil　Has　an　Influence　on　the　Laws

2。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

3。　What　Countries　Are　Best　Cultivated

4。　New　Effects　of　the　Fertility　and　Barrenness　of　Countries

5。　Of　the　Inhabitants　of　Islands

6。　Of　Countries　Raised　by　the　Industry　of　Man

7。　Of　Human　Industry

8。　The　General　Relation　of　Laws

9。　Of　the　Soil　of　America

10。　Of　Population　in　the　Relation　It　Bears　to　the　Manners　of　Procuring　Subsistence

11。　Of　Savage　and　Barbarous　Nations

12。　Of　the　Law　of　Nations　among　People　Who　Do　Not　Cultivate　the　Earth

13。　Of　the　Civil　Laws　of　Those　Nations　Who　Do　Not　Cultivate　the　Earth

14。　Of　the　Political　State　of　the　People　Who　Do　Not　Cultivate　the　Land

15。　Of　People　Who　Know　the　Use　of　Money

16。　Of　Civil　Laws　among　People　Who　Know　Not　the　Use　of　Money

17。　Of　Political　Laws　among　Nations　Who　Have　Not　the　Use　of　Money

18。　Of　the　Power　of　Superstition

19。　Of　the　Liberty　of　the　Arabs　and　the　Servitude　of　the　Tartars

20。　Of　the　Law　of　Nations　as　Practised　by　the　Tartars

21。　The　Civil　Law　of　the　Tartars

22。　Of　a　Civil　Law　of　the　German　Nations

23。　Of　the　Regal　Ornaments　among　the　Franks

24。　Of　the　Marriages　of　the　Kings　of　the　Franks

25。　Childeric

26。　Of　the　Time　When　the　Kings　of　the　Franks　Became　of　Age

27。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

28。　Of　Adoption　among　the　Germans

29。　Of　the　Sanguinary　Temper　of　the　Kings　of　the　Franks

30。　Of　the　National　Assemblies　of　the　Franks

31。　Of　the　Authority　of　the　Clergy　under　the　First　Race

Book　XIX。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　the　Principles　Which　Form　the　General　Spirit；　Morals；　and　Customs　of　a　Nation

1。　Of　the　Subject　of　This　Book

2。　That　It　Is　Necessary　People's　Minds　Should　Be　Prepared　for　the　Reception　of　the　Best　Laws

3。　Of　Tyranny

4。　Of　the　General　Spirit　of　Mankind

5。　How　Far　We　Should　Be　Attentive　Lest　the　General　Spirit　of　a　Nation　Be　Changed

6。　That　Everything　Ought　Not　to　Be　Corrected

7。　Of　the　Athenians　and　Laced？monians

8。　Effects　of　a　Sociable　Temper

9。　Of　the　Vanity　and　Pride　of　Nations

10。　Of　the　Character　of　the　Spaniards　and　Chinese

11。　A　Reflection

12。　Of　Customs　and　Manners　in　a　Despotic　State

13。　Of　the　Behaviour　of　the　Chinese

14。　What　Are　the　Natural　Means　of　Changing　the　Manners　and　Customs　of　a　Nation

15。　The　Influence　of　Domestic　Government　on　the　Political

16。　How　some　Legislators　Have　Confounded　the　Principles　Which　Govern　Mankind

17。　Of　the　Peculiar　Quality　of　the　Chinese　Government

18。　A　Consequence　Drawn　from　the　Preceding　Chapter

19。　How　This　Union　of　Religion；　Laws；　Manners；　and　Customs　among　the　Chinese　Was　Effected

20。　Explanation　of　a　Paradox　Relating　to　the　Chinese

21。　How　the　Laws　Ought　to　Have　a　Relation　to　Manners　and　Customs

22。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

23。　How　the　Laws　Are　Founded　on　the　Manners　of　a　People

24。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

25。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

26。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

27。　How　the　Laws　Contribute　to　Form　the　Manners；　Customs；　and　Character　of　a　Nation

Book　XX。　Of　Laws　in　Relation　to　Commerce；　Considered　in　its　Nature　and　Distinctions

1。　Of　Commerce

2。　Of　the　Spirit　of　Commerce

3。　Of　the　Poverty　of　the　People

4。　Of　Commerce　in　Different　Governments

5。　Of　Nations　That　Have　Entered　into　an　Economical　Commerce

6。　Some　Effects　of　an　Extensive　Navigation

7。　The　Spirit　of　England　with　Respect　to　Commerce

8。　In　What　Manner　Economical　Commerce　Has　Been　Sometimes　Restrained

9。　Of　the　Prohibition　of　Commerce

10。　An　Institution　Adapted　to　Economical　Commerce

11。　The　Same　Subject　Continued

12。　Of　the　Freedom　of　Commerce

13。　What　It　Is　That　Destroys　This　Liberty

14。　The　Laws　of　Commerce　Concerning　the　Confiscation　of　Merchandise

15。　Of　Seizing　the　Persons　of　Merchants

16。　An　Excellent　Law

17。　A　Law　of　Rhodes

18。　Of　the　Judges　of　Commerce

19。　That　a　Prince　Ought　Not　to　Engage　Him