a forgotten empire-vijayanagar-第36部分

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　says；　〃COMFORTED　HIS　（ASADA　KHAN'S）　MOURNING　FAMILY　WITH　KHELAUTS　AND　ASSURANCES　OF　ROYAL　FAVOUR；　BUT　ALL　HIS　ESTATES　AND　TREASURES　HE　TOOK　FOR　HIS　OWN　USE〃　　though　these　treasures　were　the　accumulated　property　of　a　man　whom　the　historian　declares　to　have　been；　during　the　whole　of　his　long　life；　the　most　faithful；　courageous；　and　devoted　adherent　of　his　royal　master；　whom　on　many　occasions　he　had　personally　rescued　from　difficulties　which　appeared　almost　insurmountable！　The　Portuguese　account　as　to　the　fate　of　the　treasures　accumulated　by　Asada　Khan　is　given　by　Mr。　Danvers；　who；　treating　the　Khan　as　an　unprincipled　rebel；　writes：　

〃In　addition　to　making　over　Salsette　and　Bardes　to　the　Crown　of　Portugal；　the　Adil　Khan　had　also　given　Martim　Affonso　（De　Sousa；　the　viceroy）　the　vast　treasure　which　Acede　Khan　had　collected　for　the　purpose　of　carrying　out　his　rebellion；　and　which　is　said　to　have　amounted　to　ten　millions　of　ducats；　OF　WHICH；　HOWEVER；　ONLY　ONE　MILLION　CAME　INTO　THE　HANDS　OF　MARTIM　AFFONSO。　Some　accounts　state　that　he　sent　about　half　of　this　amount　to　Portugal　for　his　own　use；　but　others　aver　that　he　employed　a　great　part　of　it　in　the　public　service　in　India；　besides　sending　some　home　for　the　king's　use　in　Portugal。〃　＇309＇

It　will　be　seen　that　the　two　accounts　differ　widely　in　details。

At　this　time　Ibrahim　Qutb　Shah；　younger　brother　of　Jamshid　and　heir　presumptive　to　the　throne　of　Golkonda；　was　at　Vijayanagar；　whither　he　had　fled　in　fear　of　Jamshid's　despotic　and　violent　temper。　Firishtah＇310＇　relates　a　story　of　him　which　is　worth　repeating　here；　partly　because　the　event　occurred　in　the　Hindu　capital；　partly　because　it　illustrates　the　practice　of　duelling　which；　as　Nuniz　tells　us；　largely　obtained　at　that　time。＇311＇　and　partly　because　it　confirms　the　assertions　of　Nuniz　that　the　king　of　Vijayanagar　was　in　the　habit　of　disposing　at　will　with　the　revenues　of　his　provinces。

Rama　Raya　had　despotically　turned　out　of　his　estate　an　Abyssinian　officer　in　his　employ　named　Ambur　Khan；　and　conferred　the　same　on　Prince　Ibrahim　for　his　support。

〃Ambur　Khan；　enraged　at　the　alienation　of　his　estate；　and　meeting　Ibrahim　Kootb　Shah　in　the　streets　of　Beejanuggur；　accused　him　of　depriving　him　of　it。　The　latter　replied　that　monarchs　were　at　liberty　to　dispose　of　their　own　property；　and　that　the　king　of　Beejanuggur　had　chosen　to　give　him　the　estate。　Ibrahim　Kootb　Shah　proceeded　on　his　way；　but　the　Abyssinian　called　him　coward　in　refusing　to　dispute　his　title　with　the　sword。　Ibrahim　warned　him　of　his　imprudence；　but　the　Prince's　mildness　only　added　fury　to　the　Abyssinian's　anger；　who　proceeded　to　abuse　him　in　grosser　language。　On　this　the　Prince　dismounted　and　drew。　The　Abyssinian　rushed　upon　him；　but　the　Prince's　temper　giving　him　the　advantage；　he　killed　his　antagonist；　whose　brother；　standing　by；　insisted　on　taking　up　the　cause；　and　he　also　fell　a　victim　to　his　temerity。〃

Prince　Ibrahim　succeeded　to　the　throne　of　Golkonda　In　A。D。　1550。　In　the　previous　year；　says　Firishtah；　an　alliance　was　cemented　between　Sultan　Ibrahim　of　Bijapur　and　the　new　sovereign　of　Bidar；　Ali　Barid；　son　of　Amir　Barid。

Rama　Rajah　having　at　this　period　accepted　the　presents　and　professions　of　regard　sent　to　him　by　the　Nizam　Shah　with　an　embassy；　Sultan　Ibrahim；　roused　to　indignation；　treated　the　Vijayanagar　ambassadors　at　Bijapur　with　such　indignity　that　they　fled　in　fear　of　their　lives；　and　Rama　Rajah；　offended　in　his　turn；　induced　Burhan　Nizam　to　attack　Ibrahim。　He　did　so　successfully；　and　captured　the　fortress　of　Kallian；　and　on　Ibrahim's　retaliating　by　seizing　one　of　the　Ahmadnagar　forts；　an　open　alliance　was　entered　into　between　Burhan　and　Rama。　The　two　kings　met　near　Raichur　in　1551；　laid　siege　to　the　place　and　took　it。　Mudkul　also　capitulated；　and　the　Doab　was　thus　once　more　restored　to　the　Hindu　sovereign。

About　this　time；＇312＇　so　we　are　told　by　a　Muhammadan　historian；　Rama　Raya's　two　brothers　rebelled　against　his　authority　during　his　absence　from　the　capital；　and　seized　the　fortress　of　Adoni；　upon　which　Rama　begged　aid　from　the　Qutb　Shah　Ibrahim；　and　this　being　granted；　Rama　besieged　Adoni　for　six　months。　The　place　eventually　capitulated；　and　the　brothers　were　then　pardoned。

In　1553　Burhan　died；　and　once　more　the　two　leading　Muhammadan　states　became　friendly　for　a　short　time；　but　the　air　was　too　full　of　intrigue　and　jealousy　for　this　to　last　long。　Sultan　Ibrahim　negotiated　an　understanding　with　Vijayanagar；　and　this　led　to　a　renewal　of　the　war；　in　the　course　of　which　a　battle　took　place　at　Sholapur；　where　Ibrahim　was　worsted。

But　the　most　serious　reverse　which　he　suffered　was　at　the　hands　of　a　chief　named　Ain…ul…Mulkh；　whom　by　ingratitude　and　ill…treatment　he　had　driven　into　open　rebellion。　At　the　end　of　a　short　campaign　against　this　person　the　royal　troops　were　completely　beaten；　and　the　Sultan　was　driven　to　take　refuge　at　Bijapur。　In　a　state　of　desperation　he　called　on　the　Raya　of　Vijayanagar　for　aid；　and　Rama；　as　usual　representing　the　puppet　sovereign；　sent　his　brother；　Venkatadri；　with　a　large　force　to　expel　the　enemy　from　the　Sultan's　dominions。＇313＇　The　story　of　the　rebel　〃Ein…al…Moolk's〃　discomfiture　at　the　hands　of　Venkatadri　is　thus　told　by　Firishtah：＇314＇　

〃Syef　Ein　al　Moolkh；　imitating　Assud　Khan；　resolved　to　surprize　the　infidels；　but　Venkatadry；　having　intelligence　of　his　designs；　ordered　his　troops　to　be　on　their　guard；　and　having　procured　long　faggots；　with　cloth　steeped　in　oil　bound　round　one　end　of　each；　commanded　his　followers　upon　the　alarm　being　given　to　light　them；　and　holding　them　up　as　high　as　possible；　give　the　troops　a　full　sight　of　the　enemy。　Ein　al　Moolk；　agreeably　to　his　intentions；　having　one　night　chosen　two　thousand　men　for　the　purpose；　marched　with　Sullabut　Khan　to　the　enemy's　camp；　which　he　was　allowed　to　enter　unmolested；　but　upon　a　signal　given；　all　the　brands　were　instantly　lighted　up；　and　Venkatadry；　who　was　prepared　with　his　troops；　rushed　upon　the　surprizers；　who　expected　no　resistance；　with　such　success　that　above　five　hundred　of　them　were　killed　before　the　detachment　could　clear　the　camp。　Ein　al　Moolk　and　Sullabut　with　the　greatest　difficulty　made　their　escape；　but；　losing；　the　road　through　the　darkness　of　the　night；　a　report　spread　in　his　camp　on　the　return　of　some　of　the　fugitives；　that　he　was　killed；　and　his　troops　being　immediately　struck　with　a　panic；　separated　and　fled　to　different　quarters。　Ein　al　Moolkh　and　Sullabut　Khan；　with　two　hundred　horse；　about　daylight　arriving　at　their　ground；　and　seeing　it　deserted；　fled　in　confusion　by　the　route　of　Maan　to　the　dominions　of　Nizam　Shaw；　where　they　sought　protection；　but　were　basely　assassinated　by　his　treachery。〃

In　1555　an　attempt　was　made　by　the　Portuguese　under　their　new　Viceroy；　Pedro　de　Mascarenhas；　to　place　Prince　Abdullah　on　the　throne　of　Bijapur；　the　foreigners　being　dazzled　by　the　magnificent　offers　made　to　them；　should　the　joint　efforts　of　the　conspirators　be　crowned　with　success。　Abdullah　was　established　at　Ponda；　and　proclamation　made　of　his　accession　to　the　throne。　On　the　death　of　De　Mascarenhas　in　1555；　Francisco　Barreto　succeeded　him　with　the　title　of　governor；　and　having　installed　the　prince　at　Ponda　he　proceeded　to　collect　the　revenues　of　the　country。　He　was；　however；　opposed　by　an　officer　of　Ibrahim　Adil　who　was　backed　by　seven　thousand　troops；　and　several　fights　took　place。

Meanwhile　Ibrahim　himself　had　not　been　idle；　and　aided　by　fifteen　thousand　of　Sadasiva's　troops　from　Vijayanagar　he　dethroned　and　captured　the　ambitious　prince；　following　this　up　by　several　attacks　on　the　Portuguese　forces。　The　war　lasted　during　the　whole　winter　of　1556；　but　with　no　very　decisive　results。　Next　year　a　fresh　relay　of　troops　from　Bijapur　attacked　Salsette　and　Bardes；　but　were　beaten　by　a　small　force　of　Portuguese　near　Ponda；　and　hostilities　were　suspended　for　a　time。

Shortly　after　this；　viz。；　in　1557；　Sultan　Ibrahim　died。　〃During　his　illness　he　put　to　death　several　physicians　who　had　failed　in　cure；　beheading　some；　and　causing　others　to　be　trodden　to　death　by　elephants；　so　that　all　the　surviving　medical　practitioners；　alarmed；　fled　from　his　dominions。〃　He　was　succeeded　by　his　eldest　son；　Ali　Adil。

The　new　Sultan；　immediately　on　his　accession；　cemented　his　father's　alliance　with　Sadasiva　and　Rama　Rajah　by　the　execution　of　a　new　treaty；　and　sent　ambassadors　on　a　similar　errand　to　Husain　Nizam　Shah；　the　successor　of　Burhan　at　Ahmadnagar。　These；　however；　were　badly　received；　and　Sultan　Ali；　whose　envoys　at　the　Hindu　capital　had　been　warmly　welcomed　and　hospitably　treated；　determined　to　establish；　if　possible；　a　real　and　lasting　friendship　with　Vijayanagar。　To　this　end　he　adopted　a　most　unusual　course；　the　account　of　which　will　be　best　given　in　Firishtah's　own　words。

〃Ali　Adil　Shaw；　who　was　intent　on　extricating　his　dominions　from　the　losses　of　his　father　by　alliance　with　Ramraaje；　on　the　death　of　a　son　of　that　monarch；＇315＇　with　uncommon　prudence　and　resolution　went；　attended　by　one　hundred　horse；　to　Beejanuggur；　to　offer　his　condolence　on　the　melancholy　occasion。　Ramraaje　received　him　with　the　greatest　respect；＇316＇　and　the　sultan　with　the　kindest　persuasions　prevailed　upon　him　to　lay　aside　his　mourning。　The　wife　of　Ramraaje　adopt