ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·)-µÚ41²¿·Ö
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡
adequate¡¡to¡¡any¡¡possible¡¡demand£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡given¡¡away¡¡freely¡¡to¡¡all¡¡who¡¡ask¡¡
for¡¡them£»¡¡in¡¡any¡¡amounts¡¡they¡¡may¡¡require¡£¡¡The¡¡question¡¡whether¡¡this¡¡plan¡¡
should¡¡be¡¡adopted¡¡is£»¡¡to¡¡my¡¡mind£»¡¡a¡¡purely¡¡technical¡¡one£º¡¡would¡¡it¡¡be£»¡¡in¡¡
fact£»¡¡possible¡¡to¡¡adopt¡¡it¡¡without¡¡much¡¡waste¡¡and¡¡consequent¡¡diversion¡¡of¡¡
labor¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡production¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡necessaries¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡usefully¡¡
employed¡¡otherwise£¿¡¡I¡¡have¡¡not¡¡the¡¡means¡¡of¡¡answering¡¡this¡¡question£»¡¡but¡¡
I¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡exceedingly¡¡¡¡¡¡probable¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sooner¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡later£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡continued¡¡
improvement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡methods¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡production£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡Anarchist¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡plan¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡
become¡¡feasible£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡it¡¡does£»¡¡it¡¡certainly¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡adopted¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Women¡¡in¡¡domestic¡¡work£»¡¡whether¡¡married¡¡or¡¡unmarried£»¡¡will¡¡receive¡¡
pay¡¡as¡¡they¡¡would¡¡if¡¡they¡¡were¡¡in¡¡industry¡£¡¡This¡¡will¡¡secure¡¡the¡¡complete¡¡
economic¡¡independence¡¡of¡¡wives£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡achieve¡¡in¡¡any¡¡other¡¡
way£»¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡mothers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡ought¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡
outside¡¡the¡¡home¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡expense¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡fall£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡present£»¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡parents¡£¡¡
They¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡receive£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡adults£»¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡share¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡necessaries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
education¡¡will¡¡be¡¡free¡££§60£§¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡present¡¡competition¡¡
for¡¡scholarships¡¡among¡¡the¡¡abler¡¡children£º¡¡they¡¡will¡¡not¡¡be¡¡imbued¡¡¡¡with¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡competitive¡¡¡¡¡¡spirit¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡infancy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡forced¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡brains¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡
unnatural¡¡¡¡¡¡degree¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡consequent¡¡¡¡¡¡listlessness¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡lack¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡health¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡later¡¡
life¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Education¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡diversified¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡present£»¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡care¡¡
will¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡to¡¡adapt¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡needs¡¡of¡¡different¡¡types¡¡of¡¡young¡¡people¡£¡¡
There¡¡will¡¡be¡¡more¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡encourage¡¡initiative¡¡young¡¡pupils£»¡¡and¡¡less¡¡
desire¡¡to¡¡fill¡¡their¡¡minds¡¡with¡¡a¡¡set¡¡of¡¡beliefs¡¡and¡¡mental¡¡habits¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡
desirable¡¡by¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡chiefly¡¡because¡¡they¡¡help¡¡to¡¡preserve¡¡the¡¡status¡¡quo¡£¡¡
For¡¡¡¡the¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡majority¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡desirable¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
have¡¡much¡¡more¡¡outdoor¡¡education¡¡in¡¡the¡¡country¡£¡¡And¡¡for¡¡older¡¡boys¡¡and¡¡
girls¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡interests¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡intellectual¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡artistic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡technical¡¡¡¡¡¡education£»¡¡
undertaken¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡liberal¡¡¡¡¡¡spirit£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡useful¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡promoting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mental¡¡
activity¡¡than¡¡book¡learning¡¡which¡¡they¡¡regard¡¡£¨however¡¡falsely£©¡¡as¡¡wholly¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡127¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡128¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡
useless¡¡except¡¡for¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡examination¡£¡¡The¡¡really¡¡useful¡¡educa¡¡¡tion¡¡
is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡follows¡¡the¡¡direction¡¡of¡¡the¡¡child's¡¡own¡¡instinctive¡¡interests£»¡¡
supplying¡¡knowledge¡¡for¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡seeking£»¡¡not¡¡dry£»¡¡detailed¡¡information¡¡
wholly¡¡out¡¡of¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡its¡¡spontaneous¡¡desires¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§60£§¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡fear¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡undue¡¡¡¡¡¡increase¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
population£»¡¡but¡¡such¡¡fears¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡to¡¡be¡¡groundless¡£¡¡See¡¡above£»¡¡£¨Chapter¡¡
IV£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Work¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pay¡£''¡¡¡¡Also£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vi¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Principles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Social¡¡
Reconstruction''¡¡£¨George¡¡Allen¡¡and¡¡Unwin£»¡¡Ltd¡££©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Government¡¡and¡¡law¡¡will¡¡still¡¡exist¡¡in¡¡our¡¡community£»¡¡but¡¡both¡¡will¡¡
be¡¡reduced¡¡to¡¡a¡¡minimum¡£¡¡There¡¡will¡¡still¡¡be¡¡acts¡¡which¡¡will¡¡be¡¡forbidden¡¡¡
¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡murder¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡nearly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
criminal¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡deals¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡property¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡obsolete£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
many¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡motives¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡produce¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡murders¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡
operative¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡nevertheless¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡commit¡¡¡¡¡¡crimes¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
blamed¡¡or¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡wicked£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡unfortunate£»¡¡and¡¡
kept¡¡in¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mental¡¡hospital¡¡until¡¡it¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
longer¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡danger¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡¡¡education¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡abolition¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡
capital¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡number¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡crimes¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡exceedingly¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
method¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡individual¡¡¡¡¡¡curative¡¡¡¡¡¡treatment¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡generally¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
secure¡¡that¡¡a¡¡man's¡¡first¡¡offense¡¡shall¡¡also¡¡be¡¡his¡¡last£»¡¡except¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡
lunatics¡¡and¡¡the¡¡feeble¡minded£»¡¡for¡¡whom¡¡of¡¡course¡¡a¡¡more¡¡prolonged¡¡but¡¡
not¡¡less¡¡kindly¡¡detention¡¡may¡¡be¡¡necessary¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Government¡¡may¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡consisting¡¡of¡¡two¡¡parts£º¡¡the¡¡one£»¡¡the¡¡
decisions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡community¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡recognized¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡organs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡other£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
enforcing¡¡of¡¡those¡¡decisions¡¡upon¡¡all¡¡who¡¡resist¡¡them¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡part¡¡is¡¡not¡¡
objected¡¡to¡¡by¡¡Anarchists¡£¡¡The¡¡second¡¡part£»¡¡in¡¡an¡¡ordinary¡¡civilized¡¡State£»¡¡
may¡¡remain¡¡entirely¡¡in¡¡the¡¡background£º¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡resisted¡¡a¡¡new¡¡law¡¡
while¡¡it¡¡was¡¡being¡¡debated¡¡will£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule£»¡¡submit¡¡to¡¡it¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡passed£»¡¡
because¡¡resistance¡¡is¡¡generally¡¡useless¡¡in¡¡a¡¡settled¡¡and¡¡orderly¡¡community¡£¡¡
But¡¡the¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡governmental¡¡force¡¡remains£»¡¡and¡¡indeed¡¡is¡¡the¡¡very¡¡
reason¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡submission¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unnecessary¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡
Anarchists¡¡desire£»¡¡there¡¡were¡¡no¡¡use¡¡of¡¡force¡¡by¡¡government£»¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡
could¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡band¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡minority¡£¡¡
The¡¡only¡¡difference¡¡would¡¡be¡¡that¡¡their¡¡army¡¡or¡¡their¡¡police¡¡force¡¡would¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡128¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡129¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡
be¡¡ad¡¡hoc£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡being¡¡permanent¡¡and¡¡professional¡£¡¡The¡¡result¡¡of¡¡this¡¡
would¡¡be¡¡that¡¡everyone¡¡would¡¡have¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡how¡¡to¡¡fight£»¡¡for¡¡fear¡¡a¡¡well¡¡¡
drilled¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡minority¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seize¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡establish¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡fashioned¡¡
oligarchic¡¡State¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡aim¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Anarchists¡¡seems¡¡hardly¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
achieved¡¡by¡¡the¡¡methods¡¡which¡¡they¡¡advocate¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡reign¡¡of¡¡violence¡¡in¡¡human¡¡affairs£»¡¡whether¡¡within¡¡a¡¡country¡¡or¡¡in¡¡
its¡¡external¡¡relations£»¡¡can¡¡only¡¡be¡¡prevented£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡have¡¡not¡¡been¡¡mistaken£»¡¡
by¡¡an¡¡authority¡¡able¡¡to¡¡declare¡¡all¡¡use¡¡of¡¡force¡¡except¡¡by¡¡itself¡¡illegal£»¡¡and¡¡
strong¡¡¡¡¡¡enough¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡obviously¡¡¡¡capable¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡
futile£»¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡secure¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡support¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
defense¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡resistance¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡injustice¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡authority¡¡¡¡¡¡exists¡¡
within¡¡a¡¡country£º¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡State¡£¡¡But¡¡in¡¡international¡¡affairs¡¡it¡¡remains¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
created¡£¡¡The¡¡difficulties¡¡are¡¡stupendous£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡must¡¡be¡¡overcome¡¡if¡¡the¡¡
world¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡saved¡¡from¡¡periodical¡¡wars£»¡¡each¡¡more¡¡destructive¡¡than¡¡any¡¡
of¡¡its¡¡predecessors¡£¡¡Whether£»¡¡after¡¡this¡¡war£»¡¡a¡¡League¡¡of¡¡Nations¡¡will¡¡be¡¡
formed£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡be¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡performing¡¡this¡¡task£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡as¡¡yet¡¡impossible¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡foretell¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡However¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be£»¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡method¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡preventing¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡
have¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡established¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Utopia¡¡¡¡¡¡becomes¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡
men¡¡BELIEVE¡¡that¡¡the¡¡world¡¡is¡¡safe¡¡from¡¡war£»¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡difficulty¡¡will¡¡be¡¡
solved£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡serious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡resistance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡
disbanding¡¡of¡¡national¡¡armies¡¡and¡¡navies£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡substitution¡¡for¡¡them¡¡of¡¡
a¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡international¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡protection¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡uncivilized¡¡¡¡¡¡races¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡
when¡¡that¡¡stage¡¡has¡¡been¡¡reached£»¡¡peace¡¡will¡¡be¡¡virtually¡¡secure¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡government¡¡by¡¡majorities£»¡¡which¡¡Anarchists¡¡criticise£»¡¡
is¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡open¡¡to¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡objections¡¡which¡¡they¡¡urge¡¡against¡¡it¡£¡¡Still¡¡
more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡objectionable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡executive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡matters¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vitally¡¡
affecting¡¡the¡¡happiness¡¡of¡¡all£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡peace¡¡and¡¡war¡£¡¡But¡¡neither¡¡can¡¡be¡¡
dispensed¡¡with¡¡suddenly¡£¡¡There¡¡are£»¡¡however£»¡¡two¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡diminishing¡¡
the¡¡harm¡¡done¡¡by¡¡them£º¡¡£¨1£©¡¡Government¡¡by¡¡majorities¡¡can¡¡be¡¡made¡¡less¡¡
oppressive¡¡by¡¡¡¡devolution£»¡¡by¡¡¡¡placing¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡questions¡¡primarily¡¡
affecting¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡section¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡community¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hands¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡section£»¡¡
rather¡¡than¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Central¡¡Chamber¡£¡¡In¡¡this¡¡way£»¡¡men¡¡are¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡
submit¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡decisions¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡hurry¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡mostly¡¡¡¡¡¡ignorant¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
matter¡¡in¡¡hand¡¡and¡¡not¡¡personally¡¡interested¡£¡¡Autonomy¡¡for¡¡internal¡¡affairs¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡129¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡130¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡
should¡¡be¡¡given£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡to¡¡areas£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡all¡¡groups£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡industries¡¡or¡¡
Churches£»¡¡which¡¡have¡¡important¡¡common¡¡interests¡¡not¡¡shared¡¡by¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡community¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡powers¡¡¡¡¡¡vested¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡executive¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
modern¡¡¡¡¡¡State¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡chiefly¡¡¡¡¡¡due¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡frequent¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡rapid¡¡¡¡¡¡decisions£»¡¡
especially¡¡as¡¡regards¡¡foreign¡¡affairs¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡war¡¡were¡¡practically¡¡
eliminated£»¡¡more¡¡cumbrous¡¡but¡¡less¡¡autocratic¡¡methods¡¡would¡¡be¡¡possible£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡Legislature¡¡might¡¡recover¡¡many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡which¡¡the¡¡executive¡¡
has¡¡usurped¡£¡¡By¡¡these¡¡two¡¡methods£»¡¡the¡¡intensity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡interference¡¡with¡¡
liberty¡¡¡¡¡¡
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԴ´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡