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glaucus-第14部分
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(who find everything; and will at last certainly catch Midgard; the
great sea…serpent; as Thor did; by baiting for him with a bull's
head); have dredged them in great numbers; the former; at Helford
in Cornwall; the latter on the west coast of Scotland。 It seems;
however; to be a southern monster; probably a remnant; like the
great cockle; of the Mediterranean fauna; for Mr。 MacAndrew finds
them plentifully in Vigo Bay; and J。 M乴ler in the Adriatic; off
Trieste。
But what is it like? Conceive a very fat short earth…worm; not
ringed; though; like the earth…worm; but smooth and glossy; dappled
with darker spots; especially on one side; which may be the upper
one。 Put round its mouth twelve little arms; on each a hand with
four ragged fingers; and on the back of the hand a stump of a
thumb; and you have Synapta Digitata (Plates IV。 and V。; from my
drawings of the live animal)。 These hands it puts down to its
mouth; generally in alternate pairs; but how it obtains its food by
them is yet a mystery; for its intestines are filled; like an
earth…worm's; with the mud in which it lives; and from which it
probably extracts (as does the earth…worm) all organic matters。
You will find it stick to your fingers by the whole skin; causing;
if your hand be delicate; a tingling sensation; and if you examine
the skin under the microscope; you will find the cause。 The whole
skin is studded with minute glass anchors; some hanging freely from
the surface; but most imbedded in the skin。 Each of these anchors
is jointed at its root into one end of a curious cribriform plate;
… in plain English; one pierced like a sieve; which lies under the
skin; and reminds one of the similar plates in the skin of the
White Cucumaria; which I will show you presently; and both of these
we must regard as the first rudiments of an Echinoderm's outside
skeleton; such as in the Sea…urchins covers the whole body of the
animal。 (See on Echinus Millaris; p。 89。) (7) Somewhat similar
anchor…plates; from a Red Sea species; Synapta Vittata; may be seen
in any collection of microscopic objects。
The animal; when caught; has a strange habit of self…destruction;
contracting its skin at two or three different points; and writhing
till it snaps itself into 〃junks;〃 as the sailors would say; and
then dies。 My specimens; on breaking up; threw out from the
wounded part long 〃ovarian filaments〃 (whatsoever those may be);
similar to those thrown out by many of the Sagartian anemones;
especially S。 parasitica。 Beyond this; I can tell you nothing
about Synapta; and only ask you to consider its hands; as an
instance of that fantastic play of Nature which repeats; in
families widely different; organs of similar form; though perhaps
of by no means similar use; nay; sometimes (as in those beautiful
clear…wing hawk…moths which you; as they hover round the
rhododendrons; mistake for bumble…bees) repeats the outward form of
a whole animal; for no conceivable reason save her … shall we not
say honestly His? … own good pleasure。
But here we are at the old bank of boulders; the ruins of an
antique pier which the monks of Tor Abbey built for their
convenience; while Torquay was but a knot of fishing huts within a
lonely limestone cove。 To get to it; though; we have passed many a
hidden treasure; for every ledge of these flat New…red…sandstone
rocks; if torn up with the crowbar; discloses in its cracks and
crannies nests of strange forms which shun the light of day;
beautiful Actiniae fill the tiny caverns with living flowers; great
Pholades (Plate X。 figs。 3; 4) bore by hundreds in the softer
strata; and wherever a thin layer of muddy sand intervenes between
two slabs; long Annelid worms of quaintest forms and colours have
their horizontal burrows; among those of that curious and rare
radiate animal; the Spoonworm; (8) an eyeless bag about an inch
long; half bluish grey; half pink; with a strange scalloped and
wrinkled proboscis of saffron colour; which serves; in some
mysterious way; soft as it is; to collect food; and clear its dark
passage through the rock。
See; at the extreme low…water mark; where the broad olive fronds of
the Laminariae; like fan…palms; droop and wave gracefully in the
retiring ripples; a great boulder which will serve our purpose。
Its upper side is a whole forest of sea…weeds; large and small; and
that forest; if you examined it closely; as full of inhabitants as
those of the Amazon or the Gambia。 To 〃beat〃 that dense cover
would be an endless task: but on the under side; where no sea…
weeds grow; we shall find full in view enough to occupy us till the
tide returns。 For the slab; see; is such a one as sea…beasts love
to haunt。 Its weed…covered surface shows that the surge has not
shifted it for years past。 It lies on other boulders clear of sand
and mud; so that there is no fear of dead sea…weed having lodged
and decayed under it; destructive to animal life。 We can see dark
crannies and caves beneath; yet too narrow to allow the surge to
wash in; and keep the surface clean。 It will be a fine menagerie
of Nereus; if we can but turn it。
Now the crowbar is well under it; heave; and with a will; and so;
after five minutes' tugging; propping; slipping; and splashing; the
boulder gradually tips over; and we rush greedily upon the spoil。
A muddy dripping surface it is; truly; full of cracks and hollows;
uninviting enough at first sight: let us look it round leisurely;
to see if there are not materials enough there for an hour's
lecture。
The first object which strikes the eye is probably a group of milk…
white slugs; from two to six inches long; cuddling snugly together
(Plate IX。 fig。 1)。 You try to pull them off; and find that they
give you some trouble; such a firm hold have the delicate white
sucking arms; which fringe each of their five edges。 You see at
the head nothing but a yellow dimple; for eating and breathing are
suspended till the return of tide; but once settled in a jar of
salt…water; each will protrude a large chocolate…coloured head;
tipped with a ring of ten feathery gills; looking very much like a
head of 〃curled kale;〃 but of the loveliest white and primrose; in
the centre whereof lies perdu a mouth with sturdy teeth … if indeed
they; as well as the whole inside of the beast; have not been
lately got rid of; and what you see be not a mere bag; without
intestine or other organ: but only for the time being。 For hear
it; worn…out epicures; and old Indians who bemoan your livers; this
little Holothuria knows a secret which; if he could tell it; you
would be glad to buy of him for thousands sterling。 To him blue
pill and muriatic acid are superfluous; and travels to German
Brunnen a waste of time。 Happy Holothuria! who possesses really
the secret of everlasting youth; which ancient fable bestowed on
the serpent and the eagle。 For when his teeth ache; or his
digestive organs trouble him; all he has to do is just to cast up
forthwith his entire inside; and; faisant maigre for a month or so;
grow a fresh set; and then eat away as merrily as ever。 His name;
if you wish to consult so triumphant a hygeist; is Cucumaria
Pentactes: but he has many a stout cousin round the Scotch coast;
who knows the antibilious panacea as well as he; and submits; among
the northern fishermen; to the rather rude and undeserved name of
sea…puddings; one of which grows in Shetland to the enormous length
of three feet; rivalling there his huge congeners; who display
their exquisite plumes on every tropic coral reef。 (9)
Next; what are those bright little buds; like salmon…coloured
Banksia roses half expanded; sitting closely on the stone? Touch
them; the soft part is retracted; and the orange flower of flesh is
transformed into a pale pink flower of stone。 That is the
Madrepore; Caryophyllia Smithii (Plate V。 fig。 2); one of our south
coast rarities: and see; on the lip of the last one; which we have
carefully scooped off with the chisel; two little pink towers of
stone; delicately striated; drop them into this small bottle of
sea…water; and from the top of each tower issues every half…second
… what shall we call it? … a hand or a net of finest hairs;
clutching at something invisible to our grosser sense。 That is the
Pyrgoma; parasitic only (as far as we know) on the lip of this same
rare Madrepore; a little 〃cirrhipod;〃 the cousin of those tiny
barnacles which roughen every rock (a larger sort whereof I showed
you on the Turritella); and of those larger ones also who burrow in
the thick hide of the whale; and; borne about upon his mighty
sides; throw out their tiny casting nets; as this Pyrgoma does; to
catch every passing animalcule; and sweep them into the jaws
concealed within its shell。 And this creature; ro
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