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glaucus-第27部分

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animals of the lowest type; by little touches of pathos and humour; 

that living and personal interest; to bestow which is generally the 

special function of the poet:  not that Waterton and Jesse are not 

excellent in this respect; and authors who should be in every boy's 

library:  but they are rather anecdotists than systematic or 

scientific inquirers; while Mr。 Gosse; in his 〃Naturalist on the 

Shores of Devon;〃 his 〃Tour in Jamaica;〃 his 〃Tenby;〃 and his 

〃Canadian Naturalist;〃 has done for those three places what White 

did for Selborne; with all the improved appliances of a science 

which has widened and deepened tenfold since White's time。  Mr。 

Gosse's 〃Manual of the Marine Zoology of the British Isles〃 is; for 

classification; by far the completest handbook extant。  He has 

contrived in it to compress more sound knowledge of vast classes of 

the animal kingdom than I ever saw before in so small a space。 (35)



Miss Anne Pratt's 〃Things of the Sea…coast〃 is excellent; and still 

better is Professor Harvey's 〃Sea…side Book;〃 of which it is 

impossible to speak too highly; and most pleasant it is to see a 

man of genius and learning thus gathering the bloom of his varied 

knowledge; to put it into a form equally suited to a child and a 

SAVANT。  Seldom; perhaps; has there been a little book in which so 

vast a quantity of facts have been told so gracefully; simply; 

without a taint of pedantry or cumbrousness … an excellence which 

is the sure and only mark of a perfect mastery of the subject。  Mr。 

G。 H。 Lewes's 〃Sea…shore Studies〃 are also very valuable; hardly 

perhaps a book for beginners; but from his admirable power of 

description; whether of animals or of scenes; is interesting for 

all classes of readers。



Two little 〃Popular〃 Histories … one of British Zoophytes; the 

other of British Sea…weeds; by Dr。 Landsborough (since dead of 

cholera; at Saltcoats; the scene of his energetic and pious 

ministry) … are very excellent; and are furnished; too; with well…

drawn and coloured plates; for the comfort of those to whom a 

scientific nomenclature (as liable as any other human thing to be 

faulty and obscure) conveys but a vague conception of the objects。  

These may serve well for the beginner; as introductions to 

Professor Harvey's large work on British Algae; and to the new 

edition of Professor Johnston's invaluable 〃British Zoophytes;〃 

Miss Gifford's 〃Marine Botanist;〃 third edition; and Dr。 Cocks's 

〃Sea…weed Collector's Guide;〃 have also been recommended by a high 

authority。



For general Zoology the best books for beginners are; perhaps; as a 

general introduction; the Rev。 J。 A。 L。 Wood's 〃Popular Zoology;〃 

full of excellent plates; and for systematic Zoology; Mr。 Gosse's 

four little books; on Mammals; Birds; Reptiles; and Fishes; 

published with many plates; by the Christian Knowledge Society; at 

a marvellously cheap rate。  For miscroscopic animalcules; Miss 

Agnes Catlow's 〃Drops of Water〃 will teach the young more than they 

will ever remember; and serve as a good introduction to those 

teeming abysses of the unseen world; which must be afterwards 

traversed under the guidance of Hassall and Ehrenberg。



For Ornithology; there is no book; after all; like dear old Bewick; 

PASSE though he may be in a scientific point of view。  There is a 

good little British ornithology; too; published in Sir W。 Jardine's 

〃Naturalist's Library;〃 and another by Mr。 Gosse。  And Mr。 Knox's 

〃Ornithological Rambles in Sussex;〃 with Mr。 St。 John's 〃Highland 

Sports;〃 and 〃Tour in Sutherlandshire;〃 are the monographs of 

naturalists; gentlemen; and sportsmen; which remind one at every 

page (and what higher praise can one give?) of White's 〃History of 

Selborne。〃  These last; with Mr。 Gosse's 〃Canadian Naturalist;〃 and 

his little book 〃The Ocean;〃 not forgetting Darwin's delightful 

〃Voyage of the Beagle and Adventure;〃 ought to be in the hands of 

every lad who is likely to travel to our colonies。



For general Geology; Professor Ansted's Introduction is excellent; 

while; as a specimen of the way in which a single district may be 

thoroughly worked out; and the universal method of induction learnt 

from a narrow field of objects; what book can; or perhaps ever 

will; compare with Mr。 Hugh Miller's 〃Old Red Sandstone〃?



For this last reason; I especially recommend to the young the Rev。 

C。 A。 Johns's 〃Week at the Lizard;〃 as teaching a young person how 

much there is to be seen and known within a few square miles of 

these British Isles。  But; indeed; all Mr。 Johns's books are good 

(as they are bound to be; considering his most accurate and varied 

knowledge); especially his 〃Flowers of the Field;〃 the best cheap 

introduction to systematic botany which has yet appeared。  Trained; 

and all but self…trained; like Mr。 Hugh Miller; in a remote and 

narrow field of observation; Mr。 Johns has developed himself into 

one of our most acute and persevering botanists; and has added many 

a new treasure to the Flora of these isles; and one person; at 

least; owes him a deep debt of gratitude for first lessons in 

scientific accuracy and patience; … lessons taught; not dully and 

dryly at the book and desk; but livingly and genially; in 

adventurous rambles over the bleak cliffs and ferny woods of the 

wild Atlantic shore; …





〃Where the old fable of the guarded mount

Looks toward Namancos and Bayona's hold。〃





Mr。 Henfrey's 〃Rudiments of Botany〃 might accompany Mr。 Johns's 

books。  Mr。 Babington's 〃Manual of British Botany〃 is also most 

compact and highly finished; and seems the best work which I know 

of from which a student somewhat advanced in English botany can 

verify species; while for ferns; Moore's 〃Handbook〃 is probably the 

best for beginners。



For Entomology; which; after all; is the study most fit for boys 

(as Botany is for girls) who have no opportunity for visiting the 

sea…shore; Catlow's 〃Popular British Entomology;〃 having coloured 

plates (a delight to young people); and saying something of all the 

orders; is; probably; still a good work for beginners。



Mr。 Stainton's 〃Entomologist's Annual for 1855〃 contains valuable 

hints of that gentleman's on taking and arranging moths and 

butterflies; as well as of Mr。 Wollaston's on performing the same 

kind office for that far more numerous; and not less beautiful 

class; the beetles。  There is also an admirable 〃Manual of British 

Butterflies and Moths;〃 by Mr。 Stainton; in course of publication; 

but; perhaps; the most interesting of all entomological books which 

I have seen (and for introducing me to which I must express my 

hearty thanks to Mr。 Stainton); is 〃Practical Hints respecting 

Moths and Butterflies; forming a Calendar of Entomological 

Operations;〃 (36) by Richard Shield; a simple London working…man。



I would gladly devote more space than I can here spare to a review 

of this little book; so perfectly does it corroborate every word 

which I have said already as to the moral and intellectual value of 

such studies。  Richard Shield; making himself a first…rate 

〃lepidopterist;〃 while working with his hands for a pound a week; 

is the antitype of Mr。 Peach; the coast…guardsman; among his 

Cornish tide…rocks。  But more than this; there is about Shield's 

book a tone as of Izaak Walton himself; which is very delightful; 

tender; poetical; and religious; yet full of quiet quaintness and 

humour; showing in every page how the love for Natural History is 

in him only one expression of a love for all things beautiful; and 

pure; and right。  If any readers of these pages fancy that I over…

praise the book; let them buy it; and judge for themselves。  They 

will thus help the good man toward pursuing his studies with larger 

and better appliances; and will be (as I expect) surprised to find 

how much there is to be seen and done; even by a working…man; 

within a day's walk of smoky Babylon itself; and how easily a man 

might; if he would; wash his soul clean for a while from all the 

turmoil and intrigue; the vanity and vexation of spirit of that 

〃too…populous wilderness;〃 by going out to be alone a while with 

God in heaven; and with that earth which He has given to the 

children of men; not merely for the material wants of their bodies; 

but as a witness and a sacrament that in Him they live and move; 

and have their being; 〃not by bread alone; but by EVERY word that 

proceedeth out of the mouth of God。〃





Thus I wrote some twenty years ago; when the study of Natural 

History was confined mainly to several scientific men; or mere 

collectors of shells; insects; and dried plants。



Since then; I am glad to say; it has become a popular and common 

pursuit; owing; I doubt not; to the impulse given to it by the many 

authors whose works I then recommended。  I recommend them still; 

though a swarm of other manuals and popula
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