ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
how to tell children stories(ÈçºÎ¸øº¢×Ó½²¹ÊÊÂ)-µÚ18²¿·Ö
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡
use¡¡a¡¡preposterous¡¡voice£»a¡¡super¡sweetened¡¡whine£»¡¡in¡¡talking¡¡to¡¡children£¿¡¡
Is¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡effort¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡realise¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡ideal¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡gentleness¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡affectionateness¡¡
overreaches¡¡itself¡¡in¡¡this¡¡form¡¡of¡¡the¡¡grotesque£¿¡¡Some¡¡good¡¡intention¡¡must¡¡
be¡¡the¡¡root¡¡of¡¡it¡¡But¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡is¡¡none¡¡the¡¡less¡¡pernicious¡£¡¡A¡¡¡¨cant¡¨¡¡voice¡¡is¡¡
as¡¡¡¡¡¡abominable¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡cant¡¡¡¡¡¡phraseology¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Both¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡substance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
evil¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨But¡¡it¡¡is¡¡easier¡¡to¡¡SAY£»¡¡¡®Be¡¡natural'¡¡than¡¡to¡¡BE¡¡it£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡one¡¡teacher¡¡to¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡62¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡63¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡HOW¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡CHILDREN¡¡AND¡¡SOME¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡
me¡¡desperately¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Beyond¡¡dispute¡£¡¡To¡¡those¡¡of¡¡us¡¡who¡¡are¡¡cursed¡¡with¡¡an¡¡over¡abundant¡¡
measure¡¡of¡¡self¡¡¡consciousness£»¡¡nothing¡¡is¡¡harder¡¡than¡¡simple¡¡naturalness¡£¡¡
The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡remedy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡lose¡¡¡¡¡¡oneself¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡one's¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡£¡¡¡¡Think¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡
absorbingly¡¡and¡¡vividly¡¡that¡¡you¡¡have¡¡no¡¡room¡¡to¡¡think¡¡of¡¡yourself¡£¡¡Live¡¡it¡£¡¡
Sink¡¡yourself¡¡in¡¡that¡¡mood¡¡you¡¡have¡¡summoned¡¡up£»¡¡and¡¡let¡¡it¡¡carry¡¡you¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡this£»¡¡¡¡¡¡simplicity¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡easily¡£¡¡Your¡¡¡¡¡¡choice¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
words¡¡and¡¡images¡¡will¡¡naturally¡¡become¡¡simple¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is£»¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡a¡¡familiar¡¡precept¡¡to¡¡educators£»¡¡that¡¡children¡¡should¡¡not¡¡
have¡¡their¡¡literature¡¡too¡¡much¡¡simplified¡¡for¡¡them¡£¡¡We¡¡are¡¡told¡¡that¡¡they¡¡
like¡¡something¡¡beyond¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡good¡¡for¡¡them¡¡to¡¡have¡¡a¡¡sense¡¡
of¡¡mystery¡¡and¡¡power¡¡beyond¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡they¡¡grasp¡£¡¡That¡¡may¡¡be¡¡true£»¡¡but¡¡
if¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡apply¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡¡¡telling¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡reading¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡
constantly¡¡to¡¡remember¡¡that¡¡the¡¡movement¡¡of¡¡a¡¡story¡¡told¡¡is¡¡very¡¡swift¡£¡¡A¡¡
concept¡¡not¡¡grasped¡¡in¡¡passing¡¡is¡¡irrevocably¡¡lost£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡
turning¡¡back£»¡¡or¡¡lingering¡¡over¡¡the¡¡page¡£¡¡Also£»¡¡since¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡story¡telling¡¡
is¡¡primarily¡¡an¡¡art¡¡of¡¡entertainment£»¡¡its¡¡very¡¡object¡¡is¡¡sacrificed¡¡if¡¡the¡¡ideas¡¡
and¡¡images¡¡do¡¡not¡¡slip¡¡into¡¡the¡¡child's¡¡consciousness¡¡smoothly¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡
avoid¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡strain¡£¡¡For¡¡this¡¡reason¡¡short£»¡¡familiar£»¡¡vivid¡¡words¡¡are¡¡
best¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Simplicity¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡manner¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡essential¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡right¡¡
appeal¡¡to¡¡children¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DIRECTNESS¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡telling¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡important¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡quality¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡story£»¡¡
listened¡¡to£»¡¡is¡¡like¡¡the¡¡drama£»¡¡beheld¡£¡¡Its¡¡movement¡¡must¡¡be¡¡unimpeded£»¡¡
increasingly¡¡swift£»¡¡winding¡¡up¡¡¡¨with¡¡a¡¡snap¡£¡¨¡¡Long¡windedness£»¡¡or¡¡talking¡¡
round¡¡the¡¡story£»¡¡utterly¡¡destroys¡¡this¡¡movement¡£¡¡The¡¡incidents¡¡should¡¡be¡¡
told£»¡¡one¡¡after¡¡another£»¡¡without¡¡explanation¡¡or¡¡description¡¡beyond¡¡what¡¡is¡¡
absolutely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡THEY¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SHOULD¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡BE¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡TOLD¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡IN¡¡¡¡¡¡LOGICAL¡¡
SEQUENCE¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡distressing¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cart¡before¡the¡horse¡¡
method£»nothing¡¡more¡¡quickly¡¡destroys¡¡interest¡¡than¡¡the¡¡failure¡¡to¡¡get¡¡a¡¡
clue¡¡in¡¡the¡¡right¡¡place¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sometimes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡sure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡side¡¡¡¡¡¡remark¡¡¡¡¡¡adds¡¡¡¡¡¡piquancy¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡personal¡¡
savour¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡general¡¡rule¡¡is£»¡¡great¡¡discretion¡¡in¡¡this¡¡respect¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Every¡¡epithet¡¡or¡¡adjective¡¡beyond¡¡what¡¡is¡¡needed¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the¡¡image£»¡¡is¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡63¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡64¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡HOW¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡CHILDREN¡¡AND¡¡SOME¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡
a¡¡five¡barred¡¡gate¡¡in¡¡the¡¡path¡¡of¡¡the¡¡eager¡¡mind¡¡travelling¡¡to¡¡a¡¡climax¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Explanations¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡moralising¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sheer¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clatter¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡few¡¡
stories¡¡¡¡¡¡necessarily¡¡¡¡¡¡include¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡explanation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡stories¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fable¡¡
order¡¡may¡¡quaintly¡¡end¡¡with¡¡an¡¡obvious¡¡moral¡£¡¡But¡¡here¡¡again£»¡¡the¡¡rule¡¡is¡¡
great¡¡discretion¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡remember¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡advantage¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
writer¡¡of¡¡stories¡£¡¡The¡¡writer¡¡must¡¡present¡¡a¡¡clear¡¡image¡¡and¡¡make¡¡a¡¡vivid¡¡
impression£»all¡¡with¡¡words¡£¡¡The¡¡teller¡¡has¡¡face£»¡¡and¡¡voice£»¡¡and¡¡body¡¡to¡¡do¡¡
it¡¡with¡£¡¡The¡¡teller¡¡needs£»¡¡consequently£»¡¡but¡¡one¡¡swiftly¡¡incisive¡¡verb¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
writer's¡¡¡¡¡¡two£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡expressive¡¡¡¡¡¡adjective¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Often£»¡¡¡¡¡¡indeed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
pause¡¡and¡¡an¡¡expressive¡¡gesture¡¡do¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡thing¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡said¡¡here¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡good¡¡trick¡¡of¡¡description¡¡to¡¡repeat¡¡an¡¡
epithet¡¡or¡¡phrase¡¡once¡¡used£»¡¡when¡¡referring¡¡again¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡thing¡£¡¡The¡¡
recurrent¡¡adjectives¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Homer¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡device¡¡of¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡entertained¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
childlike¡¡¡¡¡¡audience¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡trick¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡unconscious¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡instinctive¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡
who¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡gift¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡children's¡¡¡¡¡¡stories¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡¡¡¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡
demands¡¡common¡¡sense¡¡in¡¡the¡¡degree¡¡of¡¡its¡¡use£»¡¡in¡¡moderation¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡most¡¡
successful¡¡device¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Brevity£»¡¡close¡¡logical¡¡sequence£»¡¡exclusion¡¡of¡¡foreign¡¡matter£»¡¡unhesitant¡¡
speech£»to¡¡use¡¡these¡¡is¡¡to¡¡tell¡¡a¡¡story¡¡directly¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡After¡¡simplicity¡¡and¡¡directness£»¡¡comes¡¡that¡¡quality¡¡which¡¡to¡¡advise£»¡¡is¡¡
to¡¡become¡¡a¡¡rock¡¡of¡¡offence¡¡to¡¡many¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡suggestion£»¡¡¡¨Tell¡¡the¡¡story¡¡
DRAMATICALLY¡£¡¨¡¡Yet¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡understand¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
meaning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨dramatically£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡agree¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡
story¡teller¡¡¡¡¡¡includes¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡qualities¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡manner¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡means£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
manner¡¡of¡¡the¡¡elocutionist£»¡¡not¡¡excitably£»¡¡not¡¡any¡¡of¡¡the¡¡things¡¡which¡¡are¡¡
incompatible¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡simplicity¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sincerity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hearted¡¡
throwing¡¡of¡¡oneself¡¡into¡¡the¡¡game£»¡¡which¡¡identifies¡¡one¡¡in¡¡a¡¡manner¡¡with¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡situation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡moment¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡responsively£»¡¡¡¡¡¡vividly£»¡¡
without¡¡interposing¡¡a¡¡blank¡¡wall¡¡of¡¡solid¡¡self¡¡between¡¡the¡¡drama¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tale¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡mind's¡¡eye¡¡of¡¡the¡¡audience¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡such¡¡fun£»¡¡pure¡¡and¡¡simple£»¡¡so¡¡to¡¡throw¡¡oneself¡¡into¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡see¡¡
the¡¡answering¡¡expressions¡¡mimic¡¡one's¡¡own£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡superfluous¡¡to¡¡
urge¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡Yet¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡persons¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡difficult¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡instant£»¡¡¡¡¡¡slight¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡64¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡65¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡HOW¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡CHILDREN¡¡AND¡¡SOME¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡
suggestive¡¡change¡¡of¡¡voice£»¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡onomatopoetic¡¡words£»¡¡the¡¡response¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡eyes¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡hands£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡immediate¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡spontaneous¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡
temperaments£»¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡others¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡shamefacedness¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡labour¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡
those£»¡¡to¡¡all¡¡who¡¡are¡¡not¡¡by¡¡nature¡¡bodily¡¡expressive£»¡¡I¡¡would¡¡reiterate¡¡the¡¡
injunction¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡already¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡given£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡pretend¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Do¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡
naturally¡¡and¡¡happily¡£¡¡But¡¡lay¡¡your¡¡stress¡¡on¡¡the¡¡inner¡¡and¡¡spiritual¡¡effort¡¡
to¡¡appreciate£»¡¡to¡¡feel£»¡¡to¡¡imagine¡¡out¡¡the¡¡tale£»¡¡and¡¡let¡¡the¡¡expressiveness¡¡of¡¡
your¡¡body¡¡grow¡¡gradually¡¡with¡¡the¡¡increasing¡¡freedom¡¡from¡¡crippling¡¡self¡¡¡
consciousness¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡physique¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡mobile¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡emotion¡¡
does¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡expression¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡must£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡REMAIN¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SUGGESTIVE¡¡
RATHER¡¡¡¡¡¡THAN¡¡¡¡¡¡ILLUSTRATIVE¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡side¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
those¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡over¡dramatic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡forget¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡teller¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡not¡¡
playing¡¡the¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡his¡¡stories£»¡¡he¡¡is¡¡merely¡¡arousing¡¡the¡¡imagination¡¡of¡¡
his¡¡hearers¡¡to¡¡picture¡¡the¡¡scenes¡¡for¡¡themselves¡£¡¡One¡¡element¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dual¡¡
consciousness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tale¡teller¡¡remains¡¡always¡¡the¡¡observer£»¡¡the¡¡reporter£»¡¡
the¡¡quiet¡¡outsider¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡like¡¡to¡¡think¡¡of¡¡the¡¡story¡teller¡¡as¡¡a¡¡good¡¡fellow¡¡standing¡¡at¡¡a¡¡great¡¡
window¡¡overlooking¡¡a¡¡busy¡¡street¡¡or¡¡a¡¡picturesque¡¡square£»¡¡and¡¡reporting¡¡
with¡¡gusto¡¡to¡¡the¡¡comrade¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rear¡¡of¡¡the¡¡room¡¡what¡¡of¡¡mirth¡¡or¡¡sadness¡¡
he¡¡¡¡¡¡sees£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡hints¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡policeman's¡¡¡¡¡¡strut£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡organ¡¡¡¡¡grinder's¡¡shrug£»¡¡the¡¡
schoolgirl's¡¡gaiety£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡gesture¡¡or¡¡two¡¡which¡¡is¡¡born¡¡of¡¡an¡¡irresistible¡¡
impulse¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡imitate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡leaves¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡fascinating¡¡¡¡¡¡post¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡carry¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
imitation¡¡further¡¡than¡¡a¡¡hint¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡verity¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡figure¡¡¡¡¡¡lies¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dramatic¡¡¡¡¡¡quality¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
story¡telling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡depends¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡closely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡CLEARNESS¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡AND¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡POWER¡¡
WITH¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WHICH¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡STORY¡TELLER¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡VISUALISES¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡EVENTS¡¡
AND¡¡CHARACTERS¡¡HE¡¡DESCRIBES¡£¡¡You¡¡must¡¡hold¡¡the¡¡image¡¡before¡¡
the¡¡mind's¡¡eye£»¡¡using¡¡your¡¡imagination¡¡to¡¡embody¡¡to¡¡yourself¡¡every¡¡act£»¡¡
incident¡¡and¡¡appearance¡£¡¡You¡¡must£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡stand¡¡at¡¡the¡¡window¡¡of¡¡your¡¡
consciousness¡¡and¡¡watch¡¡what¡¡happens¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡a¡¡point¡¡so¡¡vital¡¡that¡¡I¡¡am¡¡tempted¡¡to¡¡put¡¡it¡¡in¡¡ornate¡¡type¡£¡¡You¡¡
must¡¡SEE¡¡what¡¡you¡¡SAY£¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡much£»¡¡¡¡even£»¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¨You¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡say¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡65¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡66¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡HOW¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡CHILDREN¡¡AND¡¡SOME¡¡STORIES¡¡TO¡¡TELL¡¡
True¡¡vividness¡¡is¡¡lent¡¡by¡¡a¡¡background¡¡of¡¡picture¡¡realised¡¡by¡¡the¡¡listener¡¡
beyond¡¡what¡¡you¡¡tell¡¡him¡£¡¡Children¡¡see£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule£»¡¡no¡¡image¡¡you¡¡do¡¡not¡¡see£»¡¡
they¡¡see¡¡most¡¡clearly¡¡what¡¡you¡¡see¡¡most¡¡largely¡£¡¡Draw£»¡¡then£»¡¡from¡¡a¡¡full¡¡
well£»¡¡not¡¡from¡¡a¡¡supply¡¡so¡¡
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԴ´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡