on memory and reminiscence-第4部分

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the　anamnesis　=　the　effort　at　recollection）　excites　a　feeling　of



discomfort；　which；　even　though　they　abandon　the　effort　at



recollection；　persists　in　them　none　the　less；　and　especially　in



persons　of　melancholic　temperament。　For　these　are　most　powerfully



moved　by　presentations。　The　reason　why　the　effort　of　recollection　is



not　under　the　control　of　their　will　is　that；　as　those　who　throw　a



stone　cannot　stop　it　at　their　will　when　thrown；　so　he　who　tries　to



recollect　and　'hunts'　（after　an　idea）　sets　up　a　process　in　a



material　part；　（that）　in　which　resides　the　affection。　Those　who　have



moisture　around　that　part　which　is　the　centre　of　sense…perception



suffer　most　discomfort　of　this　kind。　For　when　once　the　moisture　has



been　set　in　motion　it　is　not　easily　brought　to　rest；　until　the　idea



which　was　sought　for　has　again　presented　itself；　and　thus　the　movement



has　found　a　straight　course。　For　a　similar　reason　bursts　of　anger　or



fits　of　terror；　when　once　they　have　excited　such　motions；　are　not　at



once　allayed；　even　though　the　angry　or　terrified　persons　（by　efforts



of　will）　set　up　counter　motions；　but　the　passions　continue　to　move



them　on；　in　the　same　direction　as　at　first；　in　opposition　to　such



counter　motions。　The　affection　resembles　also　that　in　the　case　of



words；　tunes；　or　sayings；　whenever　one　of　them　has　become　inveterate



on　the　lips。　People　give　them　up　and　resolve　to　avoid　them；　yet



again　they　find　themselves　humming　the　forbidden　air；　or　using　the



prohibited　word。　Those　whose　upper　parts　are　abnormally　large；　as。



is　the　case　with　dwarfs；　have　abnormally　weak　memory；　as　compared　with



their　opposites；　because　of　the　great　weight　which　they　have　resting



upon　the　organ　of　perception；　and　because　their　mnemonic　movements



are；　from　the　very　first；　not　able　to　keep　true　to　a　course；　but　are



dispersed；　and　because；　in　the　effort　at　recollection；　these　movements



do　not　easily　find　a　direct　onward　path。　Infants　and　very　old



persons　have　bad　memories；　owing　to　the　amount　of　movement　going　on



within　them；　for　the　latter　are　in　process　of　rapid　decay；　the



former　in　process　of　vigorous　growth；　and　we　may　add　that　children；



until　considerably　advanced　in　years；　are　dwarf…like　in　their　bodily



structure。　Such　then　is　our　theory　as　regards　memory　and　remembering



their　nature；　and　the　particular　organ　of　the　soul　by　which　animals



remember；　also　as　regards　recollection；　its　formal　definition；　and　the



manner　and　causes…of　its　performance。











　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　…THE　END…



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