part05+-第76部分

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agreed　to　between　the　contesting　parties。







Its　second　provision　is　the　establishment　of　a　permanent　central



office；　where　the　records　of　the　tribunal　shall　be　preserved　and



its　official　business　transacted；　with　a　permanent　secretary；



archivist；　and　suitable　staff；　who　shall　reside　on　the　spot。　This



office　shall　make　arrangements　for　the　assembling　of　the



tribunal；　at　the　request　of　contesting　parties。







Its　third　provision　is　that　each　of　the　signatory　powers　shall



transmit　the　names　of　two　persons　who　shall　be　recognized　in



their　own　country　as　jurists　or　publicists　of　high　character　and



fitness；　and　who　shall　be　qualified　to　act　as　judges。　These



persons　shall　be　members　of　the　tribunal；　and　a　list　of　their



names　shall　be　recorded　in　the　central　office。　In　case　of　death



or　retirement　of　any　one　of　these；　the　vacancy　shall　be　filled　up



by　new　appointment。







Its　fourth　provision　is　that　any　of　the　signatory　powers　desiring



to　have　recourse　to　the　tribunal　for　the　settlement　of



differences　shall　make　known　such　desire　to　the　secretary　of　the



central　office；　who　shall　thereupon　furnish　the　powers　concerned



with　a　list　of　the　members　of　the　tribunal；　from　which　such



powers　may　select　such　number　of　judges　as　they　may　think　best。



The　powers　concerned　may　also；　if　they　think　fit；　adjoin　to　these



judges　any　other　person；　although　his　name　may　not　appear　on　the



list。　The　persons　so　selected　shall　constitute　the　tribunal　for



the　purpose　of　such　arbitration；　and　shall　assemble　at　such　date



as　may　be　most　convenient　for　the　litigants。







The　tribunal　shall　ordinarily　hold　its　sessions　at　；　but　it



shall　have　power　to　fix　its　place　of　session　elsewhere；　and　to



change　the　same　from　time　to　time；　as　circumstances　may　suggest。







The　fifth　provision　is　that　any　power；　even　though　not



represented　in　the　present　conference；　may　have　recourse　to　the



tribunal　on　such　terms　as　may　be　prescribed　by　the　regulations。







Provision　sixth：　The　government　of　is　charged　by　the



signatory　powers；　on　their　behalf；　as　soon　as　possible　after　the



conclusion　of　this　convention；　to　name　a　permanent　council　of



administration；　at　；　composed　of　five　members　and　a



secretary。　This　council　shall　organize　and　establish　the　central



office；　which　shall　be　under　its　control　and　direction。　It　shall



make　such　rules　and　regulations　as　may　be　necessary　for　the



office；　it　shall　dispose　of　all　questions　that　may　arise　in



relation　to　the　working　of　the　tribunal；　or　which　may　be　referred



to　it　by　the　central　office；　it　shall　make　all　subordinate



appointments；　may　suspend　or　dismiss　all　employees；　and　shall　fix



their　salaries　and　control　their　expenditure。　This　council　shall



select　its　president；　who　shall　have　a　casting…vote。　The



remuneration　of　the　members　shall　be　fixed　from　time　to　time　by



accord　between　the　signatory　powers。







Provision　seventh：　The　signatory　powers　agree　to　share　among　them



the　expenses　pertaining　to　the　administration　of　the　central



office　and　the　council　of　administration；　but　the　expenses



incident　to　every　arbitration；　including　the　remuneration　of　the



arbiters；　shall　be　equally　borne　by　the　contesting　powers。







From　a　theoretical　point　of　view；　I　prefer　to　this　our　American



plan　of　a　tribunal　permanently　in　session：　the　judges；　in　every



particular　case；　to　be　selected　from　this。　Thus　would　be　provided



a　court　of　any　odd　number　between　three　and　nine；　as　the



contesting　powers　may　desire。　But　from　the　practical　point　of



view；　even　though　the　Russian　plan　of　requiring　the　signatory



powers　to　send　to　the　tribunal　a　multitude　of　smaller　matters；



such　as　those　connected　with　the　postal　service；　etc。；　is　carried



out；　the　great　danger　is　that　such　a　court；　sitting　constantly　as



we　propose；　would；　for　some　years；　have　very　little　to　do；　and



that　soon　we　should　have　demagogues　and　feather…brained



〃reformers〃　ridiculing　them　as　〃useless；〃　〃eating　their　heads



off；〃　and　〃doing　nothing〃；　that　then　demagogic　appeals　might　lead



one　nation　after　another　to　withdraw　from　an　arrangement



involving　large　expense　apparently　useless；　and　in　view　of　this



latter　difficulty　I　am　much　inclined　to　think　that　we　may；　under



our　amended　instructions；　agree　to　support；　in　its　essential



features　as　above　given；　the　British　proposal；　and；　with　some



reservations；　the　code　proposed　by　the　Russians。







Among　the　things　named　by　the　Russians　as　subjects　which　the



agreeing　powers　must　submit　to　arbitration；　are　those　relating　to



river　navigation　and　international　canals；　and　this；　in　view　of



our　present　difficulties　in　Alaska　and　in　the　matter　of　the



Isthmus　Canal；　we　can　hardly　agree　to。　During　the　morning　Sir



Julian　came　in　and　talked　over　our　plan　of　arbitration　as　well　as



his　own　and　that　submitted　by　Russia。　He　said　that　he　had　seen　M。



de　Staal；　and　that　it　was　agreed　between　them　that　the　latter



should　send　Sir　Julian；　at　the　first　moment　possible；　an



amalgamation　of　the　Russian　and　British　plans；　and　this　Sir



Julian　promised　that　he　would　bring　to　us；　giving　us　a　chance　to



insert　any　features　from　our　own　plan　which；　in　our　judgment；



might　be　important。　He　seemed　much　encouraged；　as　we　all　are。







Returning　to　our　rooms；　I　found　Count　Munster。　As　usual；　he　was



very　interesting；　and；　after　discussing　sundry　features　of　the



Russian　plan；　he　told　one　or　two　rather　good　stories。　He　said



that　during　his　stay　in　St　Petersburg　as　minister；　early　in　the



reign　of　Alexander　II；　he　had　a　very　serious　quarrel　with　Prince



Gortchakoff　the　minister　of　foreign　affairs；　who　afterward　became



the　famous　chancellor　of　the　empire。







Count　Munster　had　received　one　day　from　a　professor　at　Gottingen



a　letter　stating　that　a　young　German　savant；　traveling　for



scientific　purposes　in　Russia；　had　been　seized　and　treated　as　a



prisoner；　without　any　proper　cause　whatever；　that；　while　he　was



engaged　in　his　peaceful　botanizing；　a　police　officer；　who　was



taking　a　gang　of　criminals　to　Siberia；　had　come　along；　and　one　of



his　prisoners　having　escaped；　this　officer；　in　order　to　avoid



censure；　had　seized　the　young　savant；　quietly　clapped　the　number



of　the　missing　man　on　his　back；　put　him　in　with　the　gang　of



prisoners；　and　carried　him　off　along　with　the　rest；　so　that　he



was　now　held　as　a　convict　in　Siberia。　The　count　put　the　letter　in



his　pocket；　thinking　that　he　might　have　an　opportunity　to　use　it；



and　a　day　or　two　afterward　his　chance　came。　Walking　on　the　quay；



he　met　the　Emperor　（Alexander　II）；　who　greeted　him　heartily；　and



said；　〃Let　me　walk　with　you。〃　After　walking　and　talking　some



time；　the　count　told　the　story　of　the　young　German；　whereupon　the



Emperor　asked　for　proofs　of　its　truth。　At　this　Munster　pulled　the



letter　out　of　his　pocket；　and；　both　having　seated　themselves　on　a



bench　at　the　side　of　the　walk；　the　Emperor　read　it。　On　finishing



it；　the　Emperor　said：　〃Such　a　thing　as　this　can　happen　only　in



Russia。〃　That　very　afternoon　he　sent　a　special　police　squad；



post…haste；　all　the　way　to　Siberia；　ordering　them　to　find　the



young　German　and　bring　him　back　to　St。　Petersburg。







Next　day　Count　Munster　called　at　the　Foreign　Office　on　current



business；　when　Gortchakoff　came　at　him　in　a　great　rage；　asking



him　by　what　right　he　communicated　directly　with　the　Emperor；　and



insisting　that　he　had　no　business　to　give　a　letter　directly　to



the　Emperor；　that　it　ought　to　have　gone　through　the　Foreign



Office。　Gortchakoff　reproached　the　count　bitterly　for　this



departure　from　elementary　diplomatic　etiquette。　At　this　Munster



replied：　〃I　gave　the　letter　to　the　Emperor　because　he　asked　me



for　it；　and　I　did　not　give　it　to　you　because　I　knew　perfectly



well　that　you　would　pigeonhole　it　and　the　Emperor　would　never



hear　of　it。　I　concede　much　in　making　any　answer　at　all　to　your



talk；　which　seems　to　me　of　a　sort　not　usual　between　gentlemen。〃



At　this　Gortchakoff　was　much　milder；　and　finally　almost



obsequious；　becoming　apparently　one　of　Munster's　devoted　friends；



evidently　thinking　that；　as　Munster　had　gained　the　confidence　of



the　Emperor；　he　was　a　man　to　be　cultivated。







The　sequel　to　the　story　was　also　interesting。　The　policemen；



after　their　long　journey　to　Siberia；　found　the　young　German　and



brought　him　to　St。　Petersburg；　where　the　Emperor　received　him



very　cordially　and　gave　him　twenty　thousand　rubles　as　an



indemnity　for　the　wrong　done　him。　The　young　savant　told　M