ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ÖƸߵã-µÚ21²¿·Ö
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡
°¢ÅµµÂ¡£¹þ²ª£¨Arnold¡¡Harberger£©£ºÐí¶à¹ú¼ÊÒøÐÐÏÐÖÃ×Å´óÁ¿µÄÃÀÔª£¬ÕÒ²»µ½Í¶×ÊÈ¥´¦£¬ËûÃÇ·¢ÏÖÁËÀ¶¡ÃÀÖÞ¡£
GONZALO¡¡SANCHEZ¡¡DE¡¡LOZADA£º¡¡We¡¡were¡¡offered¡¡unreasonable¡¡amounts¡¡of¡¡money¡£¡¡These¡¡banks¡¡who¡¡were¡¡very¡¡unwise¡¡in¡¡their¡¡lending¡¡policy¡¡came¡¡to¡¡the¡¡happy¡¡conclusion¡¡that¡¡countries¡¡don't¡¡go¡¡broke¡£¡¡It's¡¡true£»¡¡but¡¡sometimes¡¡they¡¡don't¡¡pay¡£
¿×ÈûÂ塣ɣÇÐ˹¡£ÂåÈûËþ£¨Gonzalo¡¡¡¡Sanchez¡¡De¡¡Lozada£©£ºÕâЩ´óÒøÐиøÎÒÃÇÌṩÁ˹ý¶àµÄ´û¿î£¬ÒøÐÐÔÚÖƶ¨ËûÃǵĴû¿îÕþ²ßʱÊǺܲ»Ã÷Öǵģ¬ËûÃÇÐËÖ°»È»µØÈÏΪ¹ú¼ÒÊDz»¿ÉÄÜÆƲúµÄ¡£Êǵģ¬¹ú¼ÒÊDz»¿ÉÄÜÆƲú£¬¿ÉÊÇÓÐʱºò¹ú¼ÒÒ²¿ÉÄÜÀµÕ®µÄ¡£
MOISES¡¡NAIM£º¡¡Guess¡¡what£¿¡¡One¡¡day£»¡¡these¡¡countries¡¡could¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡afford¡¡to¡¡repay¡¡the¡¡debts¡£
ĪÒÁ˹¡£ÄáÂü£¨Moises¡¡Naim£©£ºÏëÏëÊÇʲôÇé¿ö°É£¬ÓÐÒ»Ì죬ÕâЩ¹ú¼ÒÔÙÒ²ÎÞÁ¦³¥»¹ÕâЩծÎñÁË¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡In¡¡1982¡¡a¡¡financial¡¡crisis¡¡in¡¡Mexico¡¡triggered¡¡a¡¡chain¡¡reaction¡¡that¡¡caused¡¡the¡¡1980s¡¡to¡¡be¡¡known¡¡as¡¡Latin¡¡America's¡¡"£»lost¡¡decade"£»¡£
ÅÔ°×£º1982Ä꣬īÎ÷¸çµÄ½ðÈÚΣ»úÒý·¢ÁËһϵÁеÄÁ¬Ëø·´Ó¦£¬´Ó¶øµ¼ÖÂÁËÎÒÃdz£ËµµÄ£º80Äê´úÊÇÀ¶¡ÃÀÖÞ¡°Ê§È¥µÄ10Äꡱ¡£
JOSEPH¡¡STANISLAW£»¡¡Author£»¡¡manding¡¡Heights£º¡¡Bolivia¡¡was¡¡probably¡¡the¡¡most¡¡severe¡¡case¡¡of¡¡how¡¡things¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡wrong¡¡in¡¡Latin¡¡America¡£¡¡For¡¡decades¡¡they¡¡just¡¡printed¡¡money¡£¡¡They¡¡collected¡¡no¡¡taxes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡country¡£¡¡If¡¡you¡¡can't¡¡collect¡¡taxes£»¡¡you've¡¡got¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡money¡¡up¡¡somehow£»¡¡so¡¡they¡¡just¡¡printed¡¡it¡£
¡¶ÖƸߵ㡷£¨manding¡¡Heights£©×÷ÕßԼɪ·ò¡£Ë¹Ì¹Àû˹ŵ£¨Joseph¡¡Stanislaw£©£ºÀ¶¡ÃÀÖÞµÄÇé¿öºÜÔã¸â£¬¶ø###µÄÇé¿ö¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îΪÑÏÖصģ¬ÔÚ¼¸Ê®ÄêÖУ¬ËûÃǽö½öÊÇÔÚ²»¶ÏµØÓ¡³®Æ±£¬Ã»ÓÐË°ÊÕÊÕÈë¡£¶øÈç¹ûÄãÊÕ²»ÉÏË°£¬Äã¿ÉÄܾͲ»µÃµÃÏë·¨×Ó´ÕÇ®£¬ËùÒÔËûÃDZãÓ¡³®Æ±¡£
GONZALO¡¡SANCHEZ¡¡DE¡¡LOZADA£º¡¡Bolivia¡¡was¡¡a¡¡basket¡¡case¡£¡¡We¡¡were¡¡considered¡¡hopeless¡£¡¡We¡¡had¡¡help¡¡from¡¡nobody¡£¡¡We¡¡were¡¡totally¡¡alone¡£¡¡The¡¡World¡¡Bank¡¡had¡¡closed¡¡its¡¡office£»¡¡the¡¡IMF¡¡had¡¡pulled¡¡out¡¡its¡¡representative£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡American¡¡government¡¡and¡¡other¡¡friendly¡¡nations¡¡wouldn't¡¡answer¡¡the¡¡telephones¡£
¿×ÈûÂ塣ɣÇÐ˹¡£ÂåÈûËþ£¨Gonzalo¡¡¡¡Sanchez¡¡De¡¡Lozada£©£º###ÏݽøÁËäöÎУ¬ÎÒÃDZ»ÈÏΪºÁÎÞÏ£ÍûÁË£¬Ã»ÓÐÈËÀ´°ïÖúÎÒÃÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇÍêÈ«¿¿×Ô¼ºÔÚÄÇÀïÕõÔú¡£ÊÀ½çÒøÐйرÕÁËËûÃǵİìÊ´¦£¬¹ú¼Ê»õ±Ò»ù½ð×éÖ¯³·×ßÁËËûÃǵĴú±í£¬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®ºÍÆäËüһЩÔÀ´ÓѺõĹú¼Ò¶¼²»½ÓÎÒÃǵĵ绰¡£
Onscreen¡¡title£º¡¡Harvard¡¡University£»¡¡USA
×ÖÄ»±êÌ⣺ÃÀ¹ú£¬¹þ·ð´óѧ
NARRATOR£º¡¡At¡¡29£»¡¡economist¡¡Jeff¡¡Sachs¡¡had¡¡just¡¡bee¡¡one¡¡of¡¡Harvard's¡¡youngest¡¡full¡¡professors¡¡ever¡£
ÅÔ°×£º29ËêµÄÄêÇá¾¼Ãѧ¼Ò½ÜÅáÀï¡£Èø¿Ë˹£¨Jeff¡¡Sachs£©¸Õ¸Õ³ÉΪ¹þ·ð´óѧµÄÒ»Ãû×îÄêÇáµÄÈ«Ö°ÖÕÉú½ÌÊÚ¡£
JEFFREY¡¡SACHS£º¡¡In¡¡1985£»¡¡some¡¡former¡¡students¡¡sent¡¡me¡¡a¡¡note¡¡asking¡¡whether¡¡I¡¡would¡¡be¡¡ready¡¡to¡¡e¡¡to¡¡a¡¡meeting¡¡with¡¡a¡¡group¡¡of¡¡visiting¡¡Bolivians¡£
½ÜÅáÀï¡£Èø¿Ë˹£¨Jeffrey¡¡Sachs£©£º1985Ä꣬¼¸¸öÎÒÒÔÇ°µÄѧÉúÎÊÎÒ×¼²»×¼±¸¼ûÒ»°ïÀ´×Ô###µÄ·ÃÎÊѧÕß¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡The¡¡Bolivians¡¡had¡¡e¡¡to¡¡Harvard¡¡to¡¡take¡¡part¡¡in¡¡a¡¡seminar¡¡on¡¡the¡¡hyperinflation¡¡that¡¡was¡¡ravaging¡¡their¡¡country¡£
ÅÔ°×£º###ÈËÊǵ½¹þ·ðÀ´²Î¼ÓÒ»¸öÓйØËûÃǹú¼Ò¶ñÐÔͨ»õÅòÕ͵ÄÑÐÌÖ»áµÄ¡£
JEFFREY¡¡SACHS£º¡¡I¡¡was¡¡absolutely¡¡fascinated£»¡¡made¡¡a¡¡few¡¡observations¡£¡¡Somebody¡¡in¡¡the¡¡back¡¡of¡¡the¡¡room¡¡piped¡¡up¡¡and¡¡said£»¡¡"£»Well£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡think¡¡you¡¡know¡¡what¡¡to¡¡do£»¡¡you¡¡e¡¡to¡¡La¡¡Paz¡£"£»
½ÜÅáÀï¡£Èø¿Ë˹£¨Jeffrey¡¡Sachs£©£ºÎÒ±»Õâ¸öÎÊÌâÍêÈ«ÎüÒýÁË£¬×öÁËһЩ¹Û²ì²¢·¢ÁËÑÔ¡£×øÔÚ·¿¼äºóÅŵÄÒ»¸öÈË´óÉùº°µÀ£º¡°ºÃ°É£¬ÒªÊÇÄãÖªµÀÔõô°ì£¬Äã¾Íµ½À°Í˹À´°É¡£¡±
When¡¡I¡¡got¡¡to¡¡La¡¡Paz¡¡in¡¡July¡¡1985£»¡¡the¡¡inflation¡¡rate¡¡was¡¡about¡¡60£»000¡¡percent¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡an¡¡extraordinary¡¡and¡¡terrifying¡¡thing¡¡to¡¡see£»¡¡actually¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡society¡¡at¡¡the¡¡edge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡precipice¡£
µ±ÎÒ1985Äê7ÔÂÀ´µ½À°Í˹ʱ£¬Í¨»õÅòÕÍÂÊ´ó¸ÅΪ60£¬000£¥£¬ÕâÕæÊÇÌ«²»Õý³£Ì«¿ÉÅÂÁË£¬Õû¸öÉç»á´¦ÔÚÐüѱßÔµ£¬Ðн«±ÀÀ£¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡Bolivia's¡¡politicians¡¡were¡¡paralyzed¡£¡¡Only¡¡one¡¡man¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡know¡¡what¡¡to¡¡do¡£
ÅÔ°×£º###µÄÕþÖμÒÃÇÂéľÁË£¬Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸öÈËËƺõÖªµÀ¸ÃÔõô°ì¡£
JEFFREY¡¡SACHS£º¡¡I¡¡met¡¡a¡¡man¡¡at¡¡a¡¡cocktail¡¡party¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡evenings¡¡at¡¡work¡£¡¡I¡¡didn't¡¡know¡¡him¡¡at¡¡all¡£¡¡I¡¡introduced¡¡myself¡£¡¡He¡¡said£»¡¡"£»What¡¡are¡¡you¡¡doing£¿"£»¡¡I¡¡said£»¡¡"£»Oh£»¡¡I'm¡¡writing¡¡an¡¡economic¡¡plan¡¡for¡¡the¡¡next¡¡government¡£"£»
½ÜÅáÀï¡£Èø¿Ë˹£¨Jeffrey¡¡Sachs£©£ºÒ»ÌìÍíÉÏ£¬ÎÒÔÚÒ»´Î¹¤×÷Ö®ºóµÄ¼¦Î²¾Æ»áÉÏÓöµ½Ò»¸öÈË£¬ÎÒ¸ù±¾¾Í²»ÈÏʶÕâ¸öÈË¡£ÎÒÏòËû×÷ÁË×ÔÎÒ½éÉÜ£¬ËûÎÊÎÒ£º¡°ÄãÔÚ¸ÉÂ¡±Îһشð˵£º¡°Å¶£¬ÎÒÕýÔÚΪÏÂÒ»ÈÎÕþ¸®Öƶ¨¾¼Ã¼Æ»®¡£¡±
GONZALO¡¡SANCHEZ¡¡DE¡¡LOZADA£º¡¡And¡¡I¡¡said£»¡¡"£»I'm¡¡very£»¡¡very¡¡pleased¡¡that¡¡you're¡¡studying¡¡this£»¡¡because¡¡we're¡¡going¡¡to¡¡beat¡¡these¡¡guys£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡can¡¡e¡¡and¡¡work¡¡for¡¡us¡£"£»¡¡So¡¡they¡¡all¡¡laughed¡£
¿×ÈûÂ塣ɣÇÐ˹¡£ÂåÈûËþ£¨Gonzalo¡¡¡¡Sanchez¡¡De¡¡Lozada£©£ºÎÒµ±Ê±Ëµ£º¡°·Ç³£¸ßÐË¿´µ½ÄãÔÚÑо¿ÕâЩÊÂÇ飬ÒòΪÎÒÃǽ«Õ½Ê¤ÕâЩ¼Ò»ï£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÀ´ºÍÎÒÃÇÒ»Æð¸É¡£¡±ËûÃǶ¼Ð¦ÁË¡£
JEFFREY¡¡SACHS£º¡¡He¡¡said£º¡¡"£»Oh£»¡¡that's¡¡very¡¡interesting¡£¡¡What¡¡do¡¡you¡¡have¡¡in¡¡mind£¿"£»¡¡And¡¡I¡¡described¡¡a¡¡few¡¡elements£»¡¡basically¡¡how¡¡to¡¡stop¡¡hyperinflation¡£¡¡And¡¡he¡¡said£º¡¡"£»No£»¡¡no£»¡¡you¡¡have¡¡to¡¡go¡¡much¡¡beyond¡¡that¡£¡¡You¡¡don't¡¡understand¡£¡¡We¡¡need¡¡so¡¡much¡¡more¡£¡¡You're¡¡just¡¡going¡¡on¡¡the¡¡surface¡£¡¡This¡¡country¡¡needs¡¡a¡¡plete¡¡overhaul¡£¡¡We've¡¡got¡¡to¡¡get¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mess¡¡that¡¡we're¡¡in¡£"£»¡¡I¡¡wasn't¡¡sure¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡was¡¡provoking¡¡me£»¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡was¡¡kidding£»¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡was¡¡sober£»¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡knew¡¡what¡¡he¡¡was¡¡doing¡£¡¡It¡¡turned¡¡out¡¡that¡¡this¡¡was¡¡Goni£»¡¡Gonzalo¡¡Sanchez¡¡de¡¡Lozada¡¡¡¡a¡¡genius¡£
½ÜÅáÀï¡£Èø¿Ë˹£¨Jeffrey¡¡Sachs£©£ºËû˵£º¡°Å¶£¬Õâ·Ç³£ÓÐÒâ˼£¬ÄÇÄãÓÐʲôÏë·¨£¿¡±ÓÚÊÇÎÒ̸ÁËÒ»ÏÂÎҵĿ´·¨£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇÓйØÈçºÎÖÆÖ¹¶ñÐÔͨ»õÅòÕ͵ġ£Ëû˵£º¡°²»£¬²»£¬Äã±ØÐ뻹Ҫ¿¼ÂÇÆäËûµÄÊÂÇ飬Äã²»Ã÷°×£¬ÎÒÃDz»½ö½öÐèÒªÖÆֹͨ»õÅòÕÍ£¬ÆäËüµÄºÜ¶àÎÊÌâÒ²¼±Ðè½â¾ö£¬Ä㻹ֻÊÇÉæ¼°µ½ÎÊÌâµÄƤë¡£Õâ¸ö¹ú¼ÒÐèÒªÒ»´Î³¹µ×µÄÐÞÕû£¬ÎÒÃÇÒª¶È¹ýÎÒÃÇÕýÔÚ¾ÀúµÄ¸÷ÖÖÄѹء£¡±ÎÒµ±Ê±²»Ã÷°×ËûÊÇ·ñÊÇÓÐÒâϷŪÎÒ£¬ÊÇ·ñÊÇÔÚ¸úÎÒ¿ªÍæЦ£¬ÊÇ·ñÊÇÈÏÕæµÄ£¬ÊÇ·ñÖªµÀËûÔÚ¸Éʲô£¬ºóÀ´²ÅÖªµÀ£¬Ëû¾ÍÊÇ¿×ÈûÂ塣ɣÇÐ˹¡£ÂåÈûËþ¡ª¡ªÒ»¸öÌì²Å¡£
Êé¡¡°ü¡¡Íø¡¡txtС˵ÉÏ´«·ÖÏí
Chapter¡¡11£º¡¡Shock¡¡Therapy¡¡Applied¡¡£§4£º48£§
µÚʮһÕ£º¡¡ÐÝ¿ËÁÆ·¨µÄÓ¦ÓÃ
NARRATOR£º¡¡Goni's¡¡party¡¡did¡¡win¡¡the¡¡election£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡became¡¡minister¡¡of¡¡planning¡£¡¡He¡¡told¡¡the¡¡president¡¡that¡¡Bolivia¡¡was¡¡running¡¡out¡¡of¡¡time¡£
ÅÔ°×£º¿×ÈûÂåµÄÕþµ³µÄÈ·ÔÚÑ¡¾ÙÖлñµÃÁËʤÀû£¬Ëû³öÈμƻ®²¿²¿³¤£¬Ëû¸æËß×Üͳ£¬###µÄʱ¼äÊǺÜÓÐÏ޵ġ£
JUAN¡¡CARIAGA£º¡¡We¡¡told¡¡him£»¡¡"£»You¡¡have¡¡90¡¡days¡¡before¡¡Bolivia's¡¡hyperinflation¡¡bees¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡inflation¡¡in¡¡world¡¡history¡£"£»¡¡So¡¡he¡¡told¡¡us£»¡¡"£»Okay£»¡¡you¡¡have¡¡20¡¡days£»¡¡you¡¡have¡¡to¡¡start¡¡working¡¡now¡£"£»
ºú°²¡£¿¨Àï¼Ó£¨Juan¡¡Cariaga£©£ºÎÒÃǸæËßËû£¬¡°ÔÙ¹ý90Ì죬###µÄͨ»õÅòÕÍÂʾÍÒª±ä³ÉÀúÊ·ÉÏ×î¸ßµÄ¶ñÐÔͨ»õÅòÕÍÂÊÁË£¬¡±Ëû¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬¡°ºÃ°É£¬ÎÒ¸øÄãÃÇ20ÌìµÄʱ¼ä£¬ÄãÃDZØÐë´ÓÏÖÔÚÆð¾Í¿ªÊ¼¹¤×÷¡£¡±
GONZALO¡¡SANCHEZ¡¡DE¡¡LOZADA£º¡¡There¡¡was¡¡a¡¡big¡¡discussion¡¡whether¡¡you¡¡could¡¡stop¡¡a¡¡hyperinflation¡¡or¡¡an¡¡inflation¡¡period¡¡by¡¡taking¡¡gradualist¡¡steps¡£¡¡In¡¡this¡¡Jeff¡¡Sachs¡¡was¡¡influential¡£¡¡He¡¡said£º¡¡"£»All¡¡this¡¡gradualist¡¡stuff¡¡just¡¡doesn't¡¡work¡£¡¡When¡¡it¡¡really¡¡gets¡¡out¡¡of¡¡control¡¡you've¡¡got¡¡to¡¡stop¡¡it£»¡¡like¡¡a¡¡medicine¡£¡¡You've¡¡got¡¡to¡¡take¡¡some¡¡radical¡¡steps£»¡¡otherwise¡¡your¡¡patient¡¡is¡¡going¡¡to¡¡die¡£"£»
¿×ÈûÂ塣ɣÇÐ˹¡£ÂåÈûËþ£¨Gonzalo¡¡¡¡Sanchez¡¡De¡¡Lozada£©£º¶ÔÓÚÄÜ·ñ²ÉÓÃÒ»¸ö½¥½øµÄ²½ÖèÀ´ÖÕÖ¹¶ñÐÔͨ»õÅòÕÍ»òÒ»°ãµÄͨ»õÅòÕ͵ÄÎÊÌ⣬ÎÒÃǽøÐÐÁË´ó¹æÄ£µÄÌÖÂÛ¡£ÔÚÕâ·½Ã棬½ÜÅáÀï¡£Èø¿Ë˹£¨Jeffrey¡¡Sachs£©ÊǺÜÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄ£¬Ëû˵£º¡°ËùÓÐÕâЩ½¥½øµÄ´ëÊ©¶¼ÊÇÎÞÓõģ¬µ±ÊÂÇéÕæµÄÎÞ·¨¿ØÖÆʱ£¬Äã±ØÐëÖÆÖ¹Ëü£¬Ïñ´òÕë³ÔÒ©Ò»Ñù£¬Äã±ØÐë²ÉÓÃһЩ¼¤½øµÄ´ëÊ©£¬·ñÔòÄãµÄ²¡È˱ã»áËÀÈ¥¡£¡±
NARRATOR£º¡¡To¡¡avoid¡¡leaks£»¡¡they¡¡worked¡¡at¡¡home¡£¡¡Every¡¡few¡¡days£»¡¡Goni¡¡reported¡¡to¡¡the¡¡president¡£
ÅÔ°×£ºÎª·ÀÖ¹³öÏÖç¢Â©£¬ËûÃǶ¼ÔÚ¼ÒÖй¤×÷¡£Ã¿¸ô¼¸Ì죬¿×ÈûÂå¾ÍÒªÏò×Üͳ»ã±¨Ò»´Î¡£
GONZALO¡¡SANCHEZ¡¡DE¡¡LOZADA£º¡¡We¡¡said£º¡¡"£»Look£»¡¡boys£»¡¡you've¡¡got¡¡one¡¡chance¡£¡¡And¡¡remember£»¡¡as¡¡Machiavelli¡¡said£»¡¡'It's¡¡all¡¡the¡¡bad¡¡news¡¡at¡¡once£»¡¡the¡¡good¡¡news¡¡little¡¡by¡¡little¡£'"£»¡¡So¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡"£»Get¡¡it¡¡all¡¡done¡£"£»¡¡Shock¡¡therapy¡¡is¡¡get¡¡it¡¡over£»¡¡get¡¡it¡¡done£»¡¡stop¡¡hyperinflation£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡start¡¡rebuilding¡¡your¡¡economy¡¡so¡¡you¡¡achieve¡¡growth¡£
¿×ÈûÂ塣ɣÇÐ˹¡£ÂåÈûËþ£¨Gonzalo¡¡¡¡Sanchez¡¡De¡¡Lozada£©£ºÎÒÃǽ²£º¡°ºÃ°É£¬º¢×ÓÃÇ£¬ÄãÃÇÖ»ÓÐÒ»´Î»ú»á£¬¼Çס£¬ÕýÏñÂí»ùÑŸ¥Àû£¨Machiavelli£©Ëù˵µÄÄÇÑù¡®»µÏûÏ¢×ÜÊÇÒ»ÏÂ×Ó¶¼À´ÁË£¬¶øºÃÏûÏ¢ÔòÖ»»áÒ»µãÒ»µãµØÀ´¡¯¡£¡±ÓÚÊÇËû˵£¬¡°¿ªÊ¼Ðж¯°É¡£¡±ÐÝ¿ËÁÆ·¨¾ÍÊÇÖÕÖ¹Õⳡ¶ñÐÔͨ»õÅòÕÍ£¬Öؽ¨ÄãÃǵľ¼Ã£¬Ê¹ÄãÃÇÖØлñµÃÔö³¤¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡In¡¡August¡¡1985£»¡¡Goni¡¡went¡¡public¡¡with¡¡a¡¡program¡¡called¡¡"£»shock¡¡therapy¡£"£»
ÅÔ°×£º1985Äê8Ô£¬¿×ÈûÂåÐû²¼ÊµÐÐÒ»¸ö±»³ÆΪ¡°ÐÝ¿ËÁÆ·¨¡±µÄÏîÄ¿¡£
JUAN¡¡CARIAGA£º¡¡It¡¡caught¡¡everybody¡¡by¡¡surprise¡£¡¡It¡¡had¡¡great¡¡credibility¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡shock¡£
ºú°²¡£¿¨Àï¼Ó£¨Juan¡¡Cariaga£©£ºÕâʹµÃËùÓÐÈ˶¼´ó³ÔÒ»¾ª¡£ËüµÄ¿ÉÐŶȺܸߡ£Ì«²»¿É˼ÒéÁË¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡Shock¡¡therapy¡¡spelled¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡dependency¡¡theory¡£¡¡Government¡¡spending¡¡was¡¡slashed¡£¡¡Price¡¡controls¡¡were¡¡scrapped¡£¡¡Import¡¡tariffs¡¡were¡¡cut¡£¡¡Government¡¡budgets¡¡were¡¡balanced¡£
ÅÔ°×£ºÐÝ¿ËÁÆ·¨Ðû¸æÁËÒÀÀµÀíÂÛµÄËÀÍö£¬Õþ¸®¿ªÖ§±»´óÁ¿Ëõ¼õ£¬¼Û¸ñ¿ØÖƱ»·ÏÆú£¬½ø¿Ú¹ØË°´ó´ó½µµÍ£¬Õþ¸®Ô¤ËãƽºâÁË¡£
JUAN¡¡CARIAGA£º¡¡We¡¡didn't¡¡use¡¡highly¡¡sophisticated¡¡economic¡¡theory¡¡to¡¡deal¡¡with¡¡hyperinflation¡£¡¡We¡¡just¡¡used¡¡very¡¡simple¡¡things£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡from¡¡now¡¡on¡¡the¡¡government¡¡will¡¡only¡¡spend¡¡what¡¡it¡¡gets¡£¡¡You¡¡get¡¡one¡¡peso£»¡¡spend¡¡one¡¡peso£»¡¡you¡¡get¡¡two¡¡pesos£»¡¡spend¡¡two¡¡pesos¡£¡¡If¡¡we¡¡don't¡¡have¡¡it£»¡¡we¡¡don't¡¡spend¡¡it¡£¡¡No¡¡borrowing¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Bank£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Bank¡¡did¡¡not¡¡have¡¡to¡¡print¡¡money¡£
ºú°²¡£¿¨Àï¼Ó£¨Juan¡¡Cariaga£©£ºÎÒÃDz¢Ã»ÓвÉÓÃʲô¸ßÉîµÄ¾¼ÃѧÀíÂÛÀ´¶Ô¸¶Í¨»õÅòÕÍ£¬ÎÒÃÇʹÓõÄÖ»ÊÇһЩ¼òµ¥µÄÊֶΣ¬±ÈÈ磬´ÓÏÖÔÚÆðÕþ¸®Ö»ÄÜÁ¿ÈëΪ³ö£¬ÓÐÒ»±ÈË÷²ÅÄÜ»¨Ò»±ÈË÷£¬ÓÐÁ½±ÈË÷²ÅÄÜ»¨Á½±ÈË÷£¬Ã»Óоͱ𻨣¬²»ÔÊÐí´ÓÖÐÑëÒøÐнè¿î£¬ËùÒÔÖÐÑëÒøÐоͲ»±ØÓ¡³®Æ±ÁË¡£
NARRATOR£º¡¡Shock¡¡therapy¡¡meant¡¡that¡¡the¡¡price¡¡of¡¡essentials¡¡¡¡transport£»¡¡food£»¡¡fuel¡¡¡¡all¡¡shot¡¡up¡£¡¡Until¡¡then¡¡people¡¡had¡¡thought¡¡that¡¡only¡¡a¡¡military¡¡dictatorship¡¡like¡¡Chile's¡¡could¡¡impose¡¡such¡¡tough¡¡measures¡¡without¡¡tearing¡¡society¡¡apart¡£
ÅÔ°×£ºÐÝ¿ËÁÆ·¨Òâζ×ÅһЩ±ØÐèÆ·¡ª¡ª±ÈÈ罻ͨ¡¢Ê³Æ·¡¢È¼ÁÏ¡ª¡ªµÄ¼Û¸ñ´ó·ùÉÏÑï¡£ÄÇʱ£¬ÈËÃÇÈÏΪֻÓÐÏñÖÇÀûÄÇÑùµÄ¾üÕþ¸®²ÅÓÐÄÜÁ¦ÔÚ²»·
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԴ´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡