论语(英文版)-第10部分

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　　chi　k'ang；　distressed　about　the　number　of　thieves　in　the　state；　inquired　ofconfucius　how　to　do　away　with　them。　confucius　said；　〃if　you；　sir；　were　notcovetous；　although　you　should　reward　them　to　do　it；　they　would　not　steal。〃
　　chi　k'ang　asked　confucius　about　government；　saying；　〃what　do　you　say　tokilling　the　unprincipled　for　the　good　of　the　principled？〃　confucius　replied；〃sir；　in　carrying　on　your　government；　why　should　you　use　killing　at　all？　letyour　evinced　desires　be　for　what　is　good；　and　the　people　will　be　good。　therelation　between　superiors　and　inferiors　is　like　that　between　the　wind　and　thegrass。　the　grass　must　bend；　when　the　wind　blows　across　it。〃
　　tsze…chang　asked；　〃what　must　the　officer　be；　who　may　be　said　to　bedistinguished？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃what　is　it　you　call　being　distinguished？〃
　　tsze…chang　replied；　〃it　is　to　be　heard　of　through　the　state；　to　be　heard　ofthroughout　his　clan。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃that　is　notoriety；　not　distinction。
　　〃now　the　man　of　distinction　is　solid　and　straightforward；　and　lovesrighteousness。　he　examines　people's　words；　and　looks　at　their　countenances。　heis　anxious　to　humble　himself　to　others。　such　a　man　will　be　distinguished　in　thecountry；　he　will　be　distinguished　in　his　clan。
　　〃as　to　the　man　of　notoriety；　he　assumes　the　appearance　of　virtue；　but　hisactions　are　opposed　to　it；　and　he　rests　in　this　character　without　any　doubtsabout　himself。　such　a　man　will　be　heard　of　in　the　country；　he　will　be　heard　ofin　the　clan。〃
　　fan　ch'ih　rambling　with　the　master　under　the　trees　about　the　rain　altars；said；　〃i　venture　to　ask　how　to　exalt　virtue；　to　correct　cherished　evil；　and　todiscover　delusions。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃truly　a　good　question！
　　〃if　doing　what　is　to　be　done　be　made　the　first　business；　and　success　asecondary　consideration：…is　not　this　the　way　to　exalt　virtue？　to　assail　one'sown　wickedness　and　not　assail　that　of　others；…is　not　this　the　way　to　correctcherished　evil？　for　a　morning's　anger　to　disregard　one's　own　life；　and　involvethat　of　his　parents；…is　not　this　a　case　of　delusion？〃
　　fan　ch'ih　asked　about　benevolence。　the　master　said；　〃it　is　to　love　all　men。〃he　asked　about　knowledge。　the　master　said；　〃it　is　to　know　all　men。〃
　　fan　ch'ih　did　not　immediately　understand　these　answers。
　　the　master　said；　〃employ　the　upright　and　put　aside　all　the　crooked；　in　thisway　the　crooked　can　be　made　to　be　upright。〃
　　fan　ch'ih　retired；　and；　seeing　tsze…hsia；　he　said　to　him；　〃a　little　whileago；　i　had　an　interview　with　our　master；　and　asked　him　about　knowledge。　he　said；'employ　the　upright；　and　put　aside　all　the　crooked；…in　this　way；　the　crookedwill　be　made　to　be　upright。'　what　did　he　mean？〃
　　tsze…hsia　said；　〃truly　rich　is　his　saying！
　　〃shun；　being　in　possession　of　the　kingdom；　selected　from　among　all　thepeople；　and　employed　kai…yao…on　which　all　who　were　devoid　of　virtue　disappeared。t'ang；　being　in　possession　of　the　kingdom；　selected　from　among　all　the　people；and　employed　i　yin…and　an　who　were　devoid　of　virtue　disappeared。〃
　　tsze…kung　asked　about　friendship。　the　master　said；　〃faithfully　admonish　yourfriend；　and　skillfully　lead　him　on。　if　you　find　him　impracticable；　stop。　do　notdisgrace　yourself。〃
　　the　philosopher　tsang　said；　〃the　superior　man　on　grounds　of　culture　meetswith　his　friends；　and　by　friendship　helps　his　virtue。〃
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　　tsze…lu　asked　about　government。　the　master　said；　〃go　before　the　people　withyour　example；　and　be　laborious　in　their　affairs。〃
　　he　requested　further　instruction；　and　was　answered；　〃be　not　weary　in　thesethings。〃
　　chung…kung；　being　chief　minister　to　the　head　of　the　chi　family；　asked　aboutgovernment。　the　master　said；　〃employ　first　the　services　of　your　various　officers；pardon　small　faults；　and　raise　to　office　men　of　virtue　and　talents。〃
　　chung…kung　said；　〃how　shall　i　know　the　men　of　virtue　and　talent；　so　that　imay　raise　them　to　office？〃　he　was　answered；　〃raise　to　office　those　whom　you　know。as　to　those　whom　you　do　not　know；　will　others　neglect　them？〃
　　tsze…lu　said；　〃the　ruler　of　wei　has　been　waiting　for　you；　in　order　with　youto　administer　the　government。　what　will　you　consider　the　first　thing　to　bedone？〃
　　the　master　replied；　〃what　is　necessary　is　to　rectify　names。〃
　　〃so！　indeed！〃　said　tsze…lu。　〃you　are　wide　of　the　mark！　why　must　there　besuch　rectification？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃how　uncultivated　you　are；　yu！　a　superior　man；　in　regard　towhat　he　does　not　know；　shows　a　cautious　reserve。
　　〃if　names　be　not　correct；　language　is　not　in　accordance　with　the　truth　ofthings。　if　language　be　not　in　accordance　with　the　truth　of　things；　affairscannot　be　carried　on　to　success。
　　〃when　affairs　cannot　be　carried　on　to　success；　proprieties　and　music　do　notflourish。　when　proprieties　and　music　do　not　flourish；　punishments　will　not　beproperly　awarded。　when　punishments　are　not　properly　awarded；　the　people　do　notknow　how　to　move　hand　or　foot。
　　〃therefore　a　superior　man　considers　it　necessary　that　the　names　he　uses　maybe　spoken　appropriately；　and　also　that　what　he　speaks　may　be　carried　outappropriately。　what　the　superior　man　requires　is　just　that　in　his　words　theremay　be　nothing　incorrect。〃
　　fan　ch'ih　requested　to　be　taught　husbandry。　the　master　said；　〃i　am　not　sogood　for　that　as　an　old　husbandman。〃　he　requested　also　to　be　taught　gardening；and　was　answered；　〃i　am　not　so　good　for　that　as　an　old　gardener。〃
　　fan　ch'ih　having　gone　out；　the　master　said；　〃a　small　man；　indeed；　is　fan　hsu！if　a　superior　man　love　propriety；　the　people　will　not　dare　not　to　be　reverent。if　he　love　righteousness；　the　people　will　not　dare　not　to　submit　to　his　example。if　he　love　good　faith；　the　people　will　not　dare　not　to　be　sincere。　now；　whenthese　things　obtain；　the　people　from　all　quarters　will　e　to　him；　bearingtheir　children　on　their　backs；　what　need　has　he　of　a　knowledge　of　husbandry？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃though　a　man　may　be　able　to　recite　the　three　hundred　odes；yet　if；　when　intrusted　with　a　governmental　charge；　he　knows　not　how　to　act；　orif；　when　sent　to　any　quarter　on　a　mission；　he　cannot　give　his　replies　unassisted；notwithstanding　the　extent　of　his　learning；　of　what　practical　use　is　it？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　a　prince's　personal　conduct　is　correct；　hisgovernment　is　effective　without　the　issuing　of　orders。　if　his　personal　conductis　not　correct；　he　may　issue　orders；　but　they　will　not　be　followed。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　governments　of　lu　and　wei　are　brothers。〃
　　the　master　said　of　ching；　a　scion　of　the　ducal　family　of　wei；　that　he　knewthe　economy　of　a　family　well。　when　he　began　to　have　means；　he　said；　〃ha！　here　isa　collection…！〃　when　they　were　a　little　increased；　he　said；　〃ha！　this　isplete！〃　when　he　had　bee　rich；　he　said；　〃ha！　this　is　admirable！〃
　　when　the　master　went　to　weil　zan　yu　acted　as　driver　of　his　carriage。
　　the　master　observed；　〃how　numerous　are　the　people！〃
　　yu　said；　〃since　they　are　thus　numerous；　what　more　shall　be　done　for　them？〃〃enrich　them；　was　the　reply。
　　〃and　when　they　have　been　enriched；　what　more　shall　be　done？〃　the　master　said；〃teach　them。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　there　were　any　of　the　princes　who　would　employ　me；　inthe　course　of　twelve　months；　i　should　have　done　something　considerable。　in　threeyears；　the　government　would　be　perfected。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃'if　good　men　were　to　govern　a　country　in　succession　for　ahundred　years；　they　would　be　able　to　transform　the　violently　bad；　and　dispensewith　capital　punishments。'　true　indeed　is　this　saying！〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　truly　royal　ruler　were　to　arise；　it　would　stirrequire　a　generation；　and　then　virtue　would　prevail。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　minister　make　his　own　conduct　correct；　whatdifficulty　will　he　have　in　assisting　in　government？　if　he　cannot　rectify　himself；what　has　he　to　do　with　rectifying　others？〃
　　the　disciple　zan　returning　from　the　court；　the　master　said　to　him；　〃how　areyou　so　late？〃　he　replied；　〃we　had　government　business。〃　the　master　said；　〃itmust　have　been　family　affairs。　if　there　had　been　government　business；　though　iam　not　now　in　office；　i　should　have　been　consulted　about　it。〃
　　the　duke　ting　asked　whether　there　was　a　single　sentence　which　could　make　acountry　prosperous。　confucius　replied；　〃such　an　effect　cannot　be　expected　fromone　sentence。
　　〃there　is　a　saying；　however；　which　people　have　…'to　be　a　prince　is　difficult；to　be　a　minister　is　not　easy。'
　　〃if　a　ruler　knows　this；…the　difficulty　of　being　a　prince；…may　there　not　beexpected　from　this　one　sentence　the　prosperity　of　his　country？〃
　　the　duke　then　said；　〃is　there　a　single　sentence　which　can　ruin　a　country？〃confucius　replied；　〃such　an　effect　as　that　cannot　be　expected　from　one　sentence。there　is；　however；　the　saying　which　people　have…'i　have　no　pleasure　in　being　aprince；　but　only　in　that　no　one　can　offer　any　opposition　to　what　i　say！'
　　〃if　a　ruler's　words　be　good；　is　it　not　also　good　that　no　one　oppose　them？but　if　they　are　not　good；　and　no　one　opposes　them；　may　there　not　be　expectedfrom　this　one　sentence　the　ruin　of　his　country？〃
　　the　duke　of　sheh　asked　about　government。
　　the　master　said；　〃good　government　obtains　when　those　who　are　near　are　madehappy；　and　those　who　are　far　off　are　attracted。〃
　　tsze…hsia！　being　governor　of　chu…fu；　asked