论语(英文版)-第11部分

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　　the　master　said；　〃good　government　obtains　when　those　who　are　near　are　madehappy；　and　those　who　are　far　off　are　attracted。〃
　　tsze…hsia！　being　governor　of　chu…fu；　asked　about　government。　the　master　said；〃do　not　be　desirous　to　have　things　done　quickly；　do　not　look　at　small　advantages。desire　to　have　things　done　quickly　prevents　their　being　done　thoroughly。　lookingat　small　advantages　prevents　great　affairs　from　being　acplished。〃
　　the　duke　of　sheh　informed　confucius；　saying；　〃among　us　here　there　are　thosewho　may　be　styled　upright　in　their　conduct。　if　their　father　have　stolen　a　sheep；they　will　bear　witness　to　the　fact。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃among　us；　in　our　part　of　the　country；　those　who　are　uprightare　different　from　this。　the　father　conceals　the　misconduct　of　the　son；　and　theson　conceals　the　misconduct　of　the　father。　uprightness　is　to　be　found　in　this。〃
　　fan　ch'ih　asked　about　perfect　virtue。　the　master　said；　〃it　is；　in　retirement；to　be　sedately　grave；　in　the　management　of　business；　to　be　reverently　attentive；in　intercourse　with　others；　to　be　strictly　sincere。　though　a　man　go　among　rude；uncultivated　tribes；　these　qualities　may　not　be　neglected。〃
　　tsze…kung　asked；　saying；　〃what　qualities　must　a　man　possess　to　entitle　himto　be　called　an　officer？　the　master　said；　〃he　who　in　his　conduct　of　himselfmaintains　a　sense　of　shame；　and　when　sent　to　any　quarter　will　not　disgrace　hisprince's　mission；　deserves　to　be　called　an　officer。〃
　　tsze…kung　pursued；　〃i　venture　to　ask　who　may　be　placed　in　the　next　lowerrank？〃　and　he　was　told；　〃he　whom　the　circle　of　his　relatives　pronounce　to　befilial；　whom　his　fellow　villagers　and　neighbors　pronounce　to　be　fraternal。〃
　　again　the　disciple　asked；　〃i　venture　to　ask　about　the　class　still　next　inorder。〃　the　master　said；　〃they　are　determined　to　be　sincere　in　what　they　say；and　to　carry　out　what　they　do。　they　are　obstinate　little　men。　yet　perhaps　theymay　make　the　next　class。〃
　　tsze…kung　finally　inquired；　〃of　what　sort　are　those　of　the　present　day；　whoengage　in　government？〃　the　master　said　〃pooh！　they　are　so　many　pecks　and　hampers；not　worth　being　taken　into　account。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃since　i　cannot　get　men　pursuing　the　due　medium；　to　whom　imight　municate　my　instructions；　i　must　find　the　ardent　and　the　cautiously…decided。　the　ardent　will　advance　and　lay　hold　of　truth；　the　cautiously…decidedwill　keep　themselves　from　what　is　wrong。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　people　of　the　south　have　a　saying　…'a　man　withoutconstancy　cannot　be　either　a　wizard　or　a　doctor。'　good！
　　〃inconstant　in　his　virtue；　he　will　be　visited　with　disgrace。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃this　arises　simply　from　not　attending　to　theprognostication。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　is　affable；　but　not　adulatory；　the　meanman　is　adulatory；　but　not　affable。〃
　　tsze…kung　asked；　saying；　〃what　do　you　say　of　a　man　who　is　loved　by　all　thepeople　of　his　neighborhood？〃　the　master　replied；　〃we　may　not　for　that　accord　ourapproval　of　him。〃　〃and　what　do　you　say　of　him　who　is　hated　by　all　the　people　ofhis　neighborhood？〃　the　master　said；　〃we　may　not　for　that　conclude　that　he　is　bad。it　is　better　than　either　of　these　cases　that　the　good　in　the　neighborhood　lovehim；　and　the　bad　hate　him。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　is　easy　to　serve　and　difficult　to　please。if　you　try　to　please　him　in　any　way　which　is　not　accordant　with　right；　he　willnot　be　pleased。　but　in　his　employment　of　men；　he　uses　them　according　to　theircapacity。　the　mean　man　is　difficult　to　serve；　and　easy　to　please。　if　you　try　toplease　him；　though　it　be　in　a　way　which　is　not　accordant　with　right；　he　may　bepleased。　but　in　his　employment　of　men；　he　wishes　them　to　be　equal　toeverything。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　has　a　dignified　ease　without　pride。　themean　man　has　pride　without　a　dignified　ease。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　firm；　the　enduring；　the　simple；　and　the　modest　arenear　to　virtue。〃
　　tsze…lu　asked；　saying；　〃what　qualities　must　a　man　possess　to　entitle　him　tobe　called　a　scholar？〃　the　master　said；　〃he　must　be　thus；…earnest；　urgent；　andbland：…among　his　friends；　earnest　and　urgent；　among　his　brethren；　bland。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃let　a　good　man　teach　the　people　seven　years；　and　they　maythen　likewise　be　employed　in　war。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃to　lead　an　uninstructed　people　to　war；　is　to　throw　themaway。〃
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　　hsien　asked　what　was　shameful。　the　master　said；　〃when　good　governmentprevails　in　a　state；　to　be　thinking　only　of　salary；　and；　when　bad　governmentprevails；　to　be　thinking；　in　the　same　way；　only　of　salary；…this　is　shameful。〃
　　〃when　the　love　of　superiority；　boasting；　resentments；　and　covetousness　arerepressed；　this　may　be　deemed　perfect　virtue。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃this　may　be　regarded　as　the　achievement　of　what　isdifficult。　but　i　do　not　know　that　it　is　to　be　deemed　perfect　virtue。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　scholar　who　cherishes　the　love　of　fort　is　not　fitto　be　deemed　a　scholar。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　good　government　prevails　in　a　state；　language　may　belofty　and　bold；　and　actions　the　same。　when　bad　government　prevails；　the　actionsmay　be　lofty　and　bold；　but　the　language　may　be　with　some　reserve。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　virtuous　will　be　sure　to　speak　correctly；　but　thosewhose　speech　is　good　may　not　always　be　virtuous。　men　of　principle　are　sure　to　bebold；　but　those　who　are　bold　may　not　always　be　men　of　principle。〃
　　nan…kung　kwo；　submitting　an　inquiry　to　confucius；　said；　〃i　was　skillful　atarchery；　and　ao　could　move　a　boat　along　upon　the　land；　but　neither　of　them　dieda　natural　death。　yu　and　chi　personally　wrought　at　the　toils　of　husbandry；　andthey　became　possessors　of　the　kingdom。〃　the　master　made　no　reply；　but　when　nan…kung　kwo　went　out；　he　said；　〃a　superior　man　indeed　is　this！　an　esteemer　ofvirtue　indeed　is　this！〃
　　the　master　said；　〃superior　men；　and　yet　not　always　virtuous；　there　have　been；alas！　but　there　never　has　been　a　mean　man；　and；　at　the　same　time；　virtuous。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃can　there　be　love　which　does　not　lead　to　strictness　withits　object？　can　there　be　loyalty　which　does　not　lead　to　the　instruction　of　itsobject？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　preparing　the　governmental　notifications；　p'i　shanfirst　made　the　rough　draft；　shi…shu　examined　and　discussed　its　contents；　tsze…yu；the　manager　of　foreign　intercourse；　then　polished　the　style；　and；　finally；　tsze…ch'an　of　tung…li　gave　it　the　proper　elegance　and　finish。〃
　　some　one　asked　about　tsze…ch'an。　the　master　said；　〃he　was　a　kind　man。〃
　　he　asked　about　tsze…hsi。　the　master　said；　〃that　man！　that　man！〃
　　he　asked　about　kwan　chung。　〃for　him；〃　said　the　master；　〃the　city　of　pien；with　three　hundred　families；　was　taken　from　the　chief　of　the　po　family；　who　didnot　utter　a　murmuring　word；　though；　to　the　end　of　his　life；　he　had　only　coarserice　to　eat。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃to　be　poor　without　murmuring　is　difficult。　to　be　richwithout　being　proud　is　easy。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃mang　kung…ch'o　is　more　than　fit　to　be　chief　officer　in　thefamilies　of　chao　and　wei；　but　he　is　not　fit　to　be　great　officer　to　either　of　thestates　tang　or　hsieh。〃
　　tsze…lu　asked　what　constituted　a　plete　man。　the　master　said；　〃suppose　aman　with　the　knowledge　of　tsang　wu…chung；　the　freedom　from　covetousness　of　kung…ch'o；　the　bravery　of　chwang　of　pien；　and　the　varied　talents　of　zan　ch'iu；　add　tothese　the　acplishments　of　the　rules　of　propriety　and　music；…such　a　one　mightbe　reckoned　a　plete　man。〃
　　he　then　added；　〃but　what　is　the　necessity　for　a　plete　man　of　the　presentday　to　have　all　these　things？　the　man；　who　in　the　view　of　gain；　thinks　ofrighteousness；　who　in　the　view　of　danger　is　prepared　to　give　up　his　life；　andwho　does　not　forget　an　old　agreement　however　far　back　it　extends：…such　a　man　maybe　reckoned　a　plete　man。〃
　　the　master　asked　kung…ming　chia　about　kung…shu　wan；　saying；　〃is　it　true　thatyour　master　speaks　not；　laughs　not；　and　takes　not？〃
　　kung…ming　chia　replied；　〃this　has　arisen　from　the　reporters　going　beyond　thetruth。…my　master　speaks　when　it　is　the　time　to　speak；　and　so　men　do　not　gettired　of　his　speaking。　he　laughs　when　there　is　occasion　to　be　joyful；　and　so　mendo　not　get　tired　of　his　laughing。　he　takes　when　it　is　consistent　withrighteousness　to　do　so；　and　so　men　do　not　get　tired　of　his　taking。〃　the　mastersaid；　〃so！　but　is　it　so　with　him？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃tsang　wu…chung；　keeping　possession　of　fang；　asked　of　theduke　of　lu　to　appoint　a　successor　to　him　in　his　family。　although　it　may　be　saidthat　he　was　not　using　force　with　his　sovereign；　i　believe　he　was。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　duke　wan　of　tsin　was　crafty　and　not　upright。　the　dukehwan　of　ch'i　was　upright　and　not　crafty。〃
　　tsze…lu　said；　〃the　duke　hwan　caused　his　brother　chiu　to　be　killed；　when　shaohu　died；　with　his　master；　but　kwan　chung　did　not　die。　may　not　i　say　that　he　waswanting　in　virtue？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　duke　hwan　assembled　all　the　princes　together；　and　thatnot　with　weapons　of　war　and　chariots：…it　was　all　through　the　influence　of　kwanchung。　whose　beneficence　was　like　his？　whose　beneficence　was　like　his？〃
　　tsze…kung　said；　〃kwan　chung；　i　apprehend　was　wanting　in　virtue。　when　theduke　hwan　caused　his　brother　chiu　to　be　killed；　kwan　chung　was　not　able　to　diewith　him。　moreover；　he　became　prime　minist