论语(英文版)-第13部分

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　or　the　north。　if　his　words　be　not　sincere　and　truthful　and　his　actionsnot　honorable　and　carefull　will　he；　with　such　conduct；　be　appreciated；　even　inhis　neighborhood？
　　〃when　he　is　standing；　let　him　see　those　two　things；　as　it　were；　fronting　him。when　he　is　in　a　carriage；　let　him　see　them　attached　to　the　yoke。　then　may　hesubsequently　carry　them　into　practice。〃
　　tsze…chang　wrote　these　counsels　on　the　end　of　his　sash。
　　the　master　said；　〃truly　straightforward　was　the　historiographer　yu。　whengood　government　prevailed　in　his　state；　he　was　like　an　arrow。　when　badgovernment　prevailed；　he　was　like　an　arrow。　a　superior　man　indeed　is　chu　po…yu！when　good　government　prevails　in　his　state；　he　is　to　be　found　in　office。　whenbad　government　prevails；　he　can　roll　his　principles　up；　and　keep　them　in　hisbreast。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　a　man　may　be　spoken　with；　not　to　speak　to　him　is　toerr　in　reference　to　the　man。　when　a　man　may　not　be　spoken　with；　to　speak　to　himis　to　err　in　reference　to　our　words。　the　wise　err　neither　in　regard　to　their　mannor　to　their　words。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　determined　scholar　and　the　man　of　virtue　will　not　seekto　live　at　the　expense　of　injuring　their　virtue。　they　will　even　sacrifice　theirlives　to　preserve　their　virtue　plete。〃
　　tsze…kung　asked　about　the　practice　of　virtue。　the　master　said；　〃the　mechanic；who　wishes　to　do　his　work　well；　must　first　sharpen　his　tools。　when　you　areliving　in　any　state；　take　service　with　the　most　worthy　among　its　great　officers；and　make　friends　of　the　most　virtuous　among　its　scholars。〃
　　yen　yuan　asked　how　the　government　of　a　country　should　be　administered。
　　the　master　said；　〃follow　the　seasons　of　hsia。
　　〃ride　in　the　state　carriage　of　yin。
　　〃wear　the　ceremonial　cap　of　chau。
　　〃let　the　music　be　the　shao　with　its　pantomimes。　banish　the　songs　of　chang；and　keep　far　from　specious　talkers。　the　songs　of　chang　are　licentious；　specioustalkers　are　dangerous。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　man　take　no　thought　about　what　is　distant；　he　willfind　sorrow　near　at　hand。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃it　is　all　over！　i　have　not　seen　one　who　loves　virtue　as　heloves　beauty。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃was　not　tsang　wan　like　one　who　had　stolen　his　situation？he　knew　the　virtue　and　the　talents　of　hui　of　liu…hsia；　and　yet　did　not　procurethat　he　should　stand　with　him　in　court。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃he　who　requires　much　from　himself　and　little　from　others；will　keep　himself　from　being　the　object　of　resentment。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　a　man　is　not　in　the　habit　of　saying…'what　shall　ithink　of　this？　what　shall　i　think　of　this？'　i　can　indeed　do　nothing　with　him！〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　a　number　of　people　are　together；　for　a　whole　day；without　their　conversation　turning　on　righteousness；　and　when　they　are　fond　ofcarrying　out　the　suggestions　of　a　small　shrewdness；…theirs　is　indeed　a　hardcase。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　in　everything　considers　righteousness　tobe　essential。　he　performs　it　according　to　the　rules　of　propriety。　he　brings　itforth　in　humility。　he　pletes　it　with　sincerity。　this　is　indeed　a　superiorman。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　is　distressed　by　his　want　of　ability。　heis　not　distressed　by　men's　not　knowing　him。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　dislikes　the　thought　of　his　name　notbeing　mentioned　after　his　death。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃what　the　superior　man　seeks；　is　in　himself。　what　the　meanman　seeks；　is　in　others。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　is　dignified；　but　does　not　wrangle。　he　issociable；　but　not　a　partisan。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　does　not　promote　a　man　simply　on　accountof　his　words；　nor　does　he　put　aside　good　words　because　of　the　man。〃
　　tsze…kung　asked；　saying；　〃is　there　one　word　which　may　serve　as　a　rule　ofpractice　for　all　one's　life？〃　the　master　said；　〃is　not　reciprocity　such　a　word？what　you　do　not　want　done　to　yourself；　do　not　do　to　others。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　my　dealings　with　men；　whose　evil　do　i　blame；　whosegoodness　do　i　praise；　beyond　what　is　proper？　if　i　do　sometimes　exceed　in　praise；there　must　be　ground　for　it　in　my　examination　of　the　individual。
　　〃this　people　supplied　the　ground　why　the　three　dynasties　pursued　the　path　ofstraightforwardness。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃even　in　my　early　days；　a　historiographer　would　leave　ablank　in　his　text；　and　he　who　had　a　horse　would　lend　him　to　another　to　ride。　now；alas！　there　are　no　such　things。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃specious　words　confound　virtue。　want　of　forbearance　insmall　matters　confounds　great　plans。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　the　multitude　hate　a　man；　it　is　necessary　to　examineinto　the　case。　when　the　multitude　like　a　man；　it　is　necessary　to　examine　intothe　case。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃a　man　can　enlarge　the　principles　which　he　follows；　thoseprinciples　do　not　enlarge　the　man。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃to　have　faults　and　not　to　reform　them；…this；　indeed；should　be　pronounced　having　faults。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　have　been　the　whole　day　without　eating；　and　the　wholenight　without　sleeping：…occupied　with　thinking。　it　was　of　no　use。　better　plan　isto　learn。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　object　of　the　superior　man　is　truth。　food　is　not　hisobject。　there　is　plowing；…even　in　that　there　is　sometimes　want。　so　withlearning；…emolument　may　be　found　in　it。　the　superior　man　is　anxious　lest　heshould　not　get　truth；　he　is　not　anxious　lest　poverty　should　e　upon　him。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　a　man's　knowledge　is　sufficient　to　attain；　and　hisvirtue　is　not　sufficient　to　enable　him　to　hold；　whatever　he　may　have　gained；　hewill　lose　again。
　　〃when　his　knowledge　is　sufficient　to　attain；　and　he　has　virtue　enough　tohold　fast；　if　he　cannot　govern　with　dignity；　the　people　will　not　respect　him。
　　〃when　his　knowledge　is　sufficient　to　attain；　and　he　has　virtue　enough　tohold　fast；　when　he　governs　also　with　dignity；　yet　if　he　try　to　move　the　peoplecontrary　to　the　rules　of　propriety：…full　excellence　is　not　reached。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　cannot　be　known　in　little　matters；　but　hemay　be　intrusted　with　great　concerns。　the　small　man　may　not　be　intrusted　withgreat　concerns；　but　he　may　be　known　in　little　matters。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃virtue　is　more　to　man　than　either　water　or　fire。　i　haveseen　men　die　from　treading　on　water　and　fire；　but　i　have　never　seen　a　man　diefrom　treading　the　course　of　virtue。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃let　every　man　consider　virtue　as　what　devolves　on　himself。he　may　not　yield　the　performance　of　it　even　to　his　teacher。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　is　correctly　firm；　and　not　firm　merely。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃a　minister；　in　serving　his　prince；　reverently　dischargeshis　duties；　and　makes　his　emolument　a　secondary　consideration。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　teaching　there　should　be　no　distinction　of　classes。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃those　whose　courses　are　different　cannot　lay　plans　for　oneanother。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　language　it　is　simply　required　that　it　convey　themeaning。〃
　　the　music　master；　mien；　having　called　upon　him；　when　they　came　to　the　steps；the　master　said；　〃here　are　the　steps。〃　when　they　came　to　the　mat　for　the　guestto　sit　upon；　he　said；　〃here　is　the　mat。〃　when　all　were　seated；　the　masterinformed　him；　saying；　〃so　and　so　is　here；　so　and　so　is　here。〃
　　the　music　master；　mien；　having　gone　out；　tsze…chang　asked；　saying。　〃is　itthe　rule　to　tell　those　things　to　the　music　master？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃yes。　this　is　certainly　the　rule　for　those　who　lead　theblind。〃
　　16
　　the　head　of　the　chi　family　was　going　to　attack　chwan…yu。
　　zan　yu　and　chi…lu　had　an　interview　with　confucius；　and　said；　〃our　chief；chil　is　going　to　mence　operations　against　chwan…yu。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃ch'iu；　is　it　not　you　who　are　in　fault　here？
　　〃now；　in　regard　to　chwan…yu；　long　ago；　a　former　king　appointed　its　ruler　topreside　over　the　sacrifices　to　the　eastern　mang；　moreover；　it　is　in　the　midst　ofthe　territory　of　our　state；　and　its　ruler　is　a　minister　in　direct　connectionwith　the　sovereign：　what　has　your　chief　to　do　with　attacking　it？〃
　　zan　yu　said；　〃our　master　wishes　the　thing；　neither　of　us　two　ministerswishes　it。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃ch'iu；　there　are　the　words　of　chau　zan；　…'when　he　can　putforth　his　ability；　he　takes　his　place　in　the　ranks　of　office；　when　he　findshimself　unable　to　do　so；　he　retires　from　it。　how　can　he　be　used　as　a　guide　to　ablind　man；　who　does　not　support　him　when　tottering；　nor　raise　him　up　whenfallen？'
　　〃and　further；　you　speak　wrongly。　when　a　tiger　or　rhinoceros　escapes　from　hiscage；　when　a　tortoise　or　piece　of　jade　is　injured　in　its　repository：…whose　isthe　fault？〃
　　zan　yu　said；　〃but　at　present；　chwan…yu　is　strong　and　near　to　pi；　if　ourchief　do　not　now　take　it；　it　will　hereafter　be　a　sorrow　to　his　descendants。〃
　　confucius　said。　〃ch'iu；　the　superior　man　hates　those　declining　to　say…'iwant　such　and　such　a　thing；'　and　framing　explanations　for　their　conduct。
　　〃i　have　heard　that　rulers　of　states　and　chiefs　of　families　are　not　troubledlest　their　people　should　be　few；　but　are　troubled　lest　they　should　not　keeptheir　several　places；　that　they　are　not　troubled　with　fears　of　poverty；　but　aretroubled　with　fears　of　a　want　of　contented　repose　among　the　people　in　theirseveral　places。　for　when　the　people　keep　the