论语(英文版)-第14部分

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　of　a　want　of　contented　repose　among　the　people　in　theirseveral　places。　for　when　the　people　keep　their　several　places；　there　will　be　nopoverty；　when　harmony　prevails；　there　will　be　no　scarcity　of　people；　and　whenthere　is　such　a　contented　repose；　there　will　be　no　rebellious　upsettings。
　　〃so　it　is。…therefore；　if　remoter　people　are　not　submissive；　all　theinfluences　of　civil　culture　and　virtue　are　to　be　cultivated　to　attract　them　tobe　so；　and　when　they　have　been　so　attracted；　they　must　be　made　contented　andtranquil。
　　〃now；　here　are　you；　yu　and　ch'iu；　assisting　your　chief。　remoter　people　arenot　submissive；　and；　with　your　help；　he　cannot　attract　them　to　him。　in　his　ownterritory　there　are　divisions　and　downfalls；　leavings　and　separations；　and；　withyour　help；　he　cannot　preserve　it。
　　〃and　yet　he　is　planning　these　hostile　movements　within　the　state。…i　amafraid　that　the　sorrow　of　the　chi…sun　family　will　not　be　on　account　of　chwan…yu；but　will　be　found　within　the　screen　of　their　own　court。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃when　good　government　prevails　in　the　empire；　ceremonies；music；　and　punitive　military　expeditions　proceed　from　the　son　of　heaven。　whenbad　government　prevails　in　the　empire；　ceremonies；　music；　and　punitive　militaryexpeditions　proceed　from　the　princes。　when　these　things　proceed　from　the　princes；as　a　rule；　the　cases　will　be　few　in　which　they　do　not　lose　their　power　in　tengenerations。　when　they　proceed　from　the　great　officers　of　the　princes；　as　a　rule；the　case　will　be　few　in　which　they　do　not　lose　their　power　in　five　generations。when　the　subsidiary　ministers　of　the　great　officers　hold　in　their　grasp　theorders　of　the　state；　as　a　rule　the　cases　will　be　few　in　which　they　do　not　losetheir　power　in　three　generations。
　　〃when　right　principles　prevail　in　the　kingdom；　government　will　not　be　in　thehands　of　the　great　officers。
　　〃when　right　principles　prevail　in　the　kingdom；　there　will　be　no　discussionsamong　the　mon　people。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃the　revenue　of　the　state　has　left　the　ducal　house　now　forfive　generations。　the　government　has　been　in　the　hands　of　the　great　officers　forfour　generations。　on　this　account；　the　descendants　of　the　three　hwan　are　muchreduced。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃there　are　three　friendships　which　are　advantageous；　andthree　which　are　injurious。　friendship　with　the　uplight；　friendship　with　thesincere；　and　friendship　with　the　man　of　much　observation：…these　are　advantageous。friendship　with　the　man　of　specious　airs；　friendship　with　the　insinuatingly　soft；and　friendship　with　the　glib…tongued：…these　are　injurious。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃there　are　three　things　men　find　enjoyment　in　which　areadvantageous；　and　three　things　they　find　enjoyment　in　which　are　injurious。　tofind　enjoyment　in　the　discriminating　study　of　ceremonies　and　music；　to　findenjoyment　in　speaking　of　the　goodness　of　others；　to　find　enjoyment　in　havingmany　worthy　friends：…these　are　advantageous。　to　find　enjoyment　in　extravagantpleasures；　to　find　enjoyment　in　idleness　and　sauntering；　to　find　enjoyment　inthe　pleasures　of　feasting：…these　are　injurious。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃there　are　three　errors　to　which　they　who　stand　in　thepresence　of　a　man　of　virtue　and　station　are　liable。　they　may　speak　when　it　doesnot　e　to　them　to　speak；…this　is　called　rashness。　they　may　not　speak　when　ites　to　them　to　speak；…this　is　called　concealment。　they　may　speak　withoutlooking　at　the　countenance　of　their　superior；…this　is　called　blindness。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃there　are　three　things　which　the　superior　man　guardsagainst。　in　youth；　when　the　physical　powers　are　not　yet　settled；　he　guardsagainst　lust。　when　he　is　strong　and　the　physical　powers　are　full　of　vigor；　heguards　against　quarrelsomeness。　when　he　is　old；　and　the　animal　powers　aredecayed；　he　guards　against　covetousness。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃there　are　three　things　of　which　the　superior　man　stands　inawe。　he　stands　in　awe　of　the　ordinances　of　heaven。　he　stands　in　awe　of　great　men。he　stands　in　awe　of　the　words　of　sages。
　　〃the　mean　man　does　not　know　the　ordinances　of　heaven；　and　consequently　doesnot　stand　in　awe　of　them。　he　is　disrespectful　to　great　men。　he　makes　sport　ofthe　words　of　sages。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃those　who　are　born　with　the　possession　of　knowledge　are　thehighest　class　of　men。　those　who　learn；　and　so　readily　get　possession　ofknowledge；　are　the　next。　those　who　are　dull　and　stupid；　and　yet　pass　thelearning；　are　another　class　next　to　these。　as　to　those　who　are　dull　and　stupidand　yet　do　not　learn；…they　are　the　lowest　of　the　people。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃the　superior　man　has　nine　things　which　are　subjects　withhim　of　thoughtful　consideration。　in　regard　to　the　use　of　his　eyes；　he　is　anxiousto　see　clearly。　in　regard　to　the　use　of　his　ears；　he　is　anxious　to　heardistinctly。　in　regard　to　his　countenance；　he　is　anxious　that　it　should　be　benign。in　regard　to　his　demeanor；　he　is　anxious　that　it　should　be　respectful。　in　regardto　his　speech；　he　is　anxious　that　it　should　be　sincere。　in　regard　to　his　doingof　business；　he　is　anxious　that　it　should　be　reverently　careful。　in　regard　towhat　he　doubts　about；　he　is　anxious　to　question　others。　when　he　is　angry；　hethinks　of　the　difficulties　his　anger　may　involve　him　in。　when　he　sees　gain　to　begot；　he　thinks　of　righteousness。〃
　　confucius　said；　〃contemplating　good；　and　pursuing　it；　as　if　they　could　notreach　it；　contemplating　evil！　and　shrinking　from　it；　as　they　would　fromthrusting　the　hand　into　boiling　water：…i　have　seen　such　men；　as　i　have　heardsuch　words。
　　〃living　in　retirement　to　study　their　aims；　and　practicing　righteousness　tocarry　out　their　principles：…i　have　heard　these　words；　but　i　have　not　seen　suchmen。〃
　　the　duke　ching　of　ch'i　had　a　thousand　teams；　each　of　four　horses；　but　on　theday　of　his　death；　the　people　did　not　praise　him　for　a　single　virtue。　po…i　andshu…ch'i　died　of　hunger　at　the　foot　of　the　shau…yang　mountains；　and　the　people；down　to　the　present　time；　praise　them。
　　〃is　not　that　saying　illustrated　by　this？〃
　　ch'an　k'ang　asked　po…yu；　saying；　〃have　you　heard　any　lessons　from　yourfather　different　from　what　we　have　all　heard？〃
　　po…yu　replied；　〃no。　he　was　standing　alone　once；　when　i　passed　below　the　hallwith　hasty　steps；　and　said　to　me；　'have　you　learned　the　odes？'　on　my　replying'not　yet；'　he　added；　if　you　do　not　learn　the　odes；　you　will　not　be　fit　toconverse　with。'　i　retired　and　studied　the　odes。
　　〃another　day；　he　was　in　the　same　way　standing　alone；　when　i　passed　by　belowthe　hall　with　hasty　steps；　and　said　to　me；　'have　you　learned　the　rules　ofpropriety？'　on　my　replying　'not　yet；'　he　added；　'if　you　do　not　learn　the　rulesof　propriety；　your　character　cannot　be　established。'　i　then　retired；　and　learnedthe　rules　of　propriety。
　　〃i　have　heard　only　these　two　things　from　him。〃
　　ch'ang　k'ang　retired；　and；　quite　delighted；　said；　〃i　asked　one　thing；　and　ihave　got　three　things。　i　have　heard　about　the　odes。　i　have　heard　about　the　rulesof　propriety。　i　have　also　heard　that　the　superior　man　maintains　a　distantreserve　towards　his　son。〃
　　the　wife　of　the　prince　of　a　state　is　called　by　him　fu　zan。　she　calls　herselfhsiao　t'ung。　the　people　of　the　state　call　her　chun　fu　zan；　and；　to　the　people　ofother　states；　they　call　her　k'wa　hsiao　chun。　the　people　of　other　states　alsocall　her　chun　fu　zan。
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　　yang　ho　wished　to　see　confucius；　but　confucius　would　not　go　to　see　him。　onthis；　he　sent　a　present　of　a　pig　to　confucius；　who；　having　chosen　a　time　when　howas　not　at　home　went　to　pay　his　respects　for　the　gift。　he　met　him；　however；　onthe　way。
　　ho　said　to　confucius；　〃e；　let　me　speak　with　you。〃　he　then　asked；　〃can　hebe　called　benevolent　who　keeps　his　jewel　in　his　bosom；　and　leaves　his　country　toconfusion？〃　confucius　replied；　〃no。〃　〃can　he　be　called　wise；　who　is　anxious　tobe　engaged　in　public　employment；　and　yet　is　constantly　losing　the　opportunity　ofbeing　so？〃　confucius　again　said；　〃no。〃　〃the　days　and　months　are　passing　away；the　years　do　not　wait　for　us。〃　confucius　said；　〃right；　i　will　go　into　office。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃by　nature；　men　are　nearly　alike；　by　practice；　they　get　tobe　wide　apart。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃there　are　only　the　wise　of　the　highest　class；　and　thestupid　of　the　lowest　class；　who　cannot　be　changed。〃
　　the　master；　having　e　to　wu…ch'ang；　heard　there　the　sound　of　stringedinstruments　and　singing。
　　well　pleased　and　smiling；　he　said；　〃why　use　an　ox　knife　to　kill　a　fowl？〃
　　tsze…yu　replied；　〃formerly；　master；　i　heard　you　say；…'when　the　man　of　highstation　is　well　instructed；　he　loves　men；　when　the　man　of　low　station　is　wellinstructed；　he　is　easily　ruled。'〃
　　the　master　said；　〃my　disciples；　yen's　words　are　right。　what　i　said　was　onlyin　sport。〃
　　kung…shan　fu…zao；　when　he　was　holding　pi；　and　in　an　attitude　of　rebellion；invited　the　master　to　visit　him；　who　was　rather　inclined　to　go。
　　tsze…lu　was　displeased。　and　said；　〃indeed；　you　cannot　go！　why　must　you　thinkof　going　to　see　kung…shan？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃can　it　be　without　some　reason　that　he　has　invited　me？　ifany　one　employ　me；　may　i　not　make　an　eastern　chau？〃
　　tsze…chang　asked　confucius　about　perfect　virtue。　confucius　said；　〃to　be　ableto　practice　five　things　everywhere　under　heaven　constitutes　perfect　virtue。〃　hebegged　to　ask　what　they　were；　and　was　told；　〃gravity；　generosity　o