论语(英文版)-第15部分

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en　constitutes　perfect　virtue。〃　hebegged　to　ask　what　they　were；　and　was　told；　〃gravity；　generosity　of　soul；sincerity；　earnestness；　and　kindness。　if　you　are　grave；　you　will　not　be　treatedwith　disrespect。　if　you　are　generous；　you　will　win　all。　if　you　are　sincere；people　will　repose　trust　in　you。　if　you　are　earnest；　you　will　acplish　much。if　you　are　kind；　this　will　enable　you　to　employ　the　services　of　others。
　　pi　hsi　inviting　him　to　visit　him；　the　master　was　inclined　to　go。
　　tsze…lu　said；　〃master；　formerly　i　have　heard　you　say；　'when　a　man　in　his　ownperson　is　guilty　of　doing　evil；　a　superior　man　will　not　associate　with　him。'　pihsi　is　in　rebellion；　holding　possession　of　chung…mau；　if　you　go　to　him；　whatshall　be　said？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃yes；　i　did　use　these　words。　but　is　it　not　said；　that；　if　athing　be　really　hard；　it　may　be　ground　without　being　made　thin？　is　it　not　said；that；　if　a　thing　be　really　white；　it　may　be　steeped　in　a　dark　fluid　withoutbeing　made　black？
　　〃am　i　a　bitter　gourd？　how　can　i　be　hung　up　out　of　the　way　of　being　eaten？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃yu；　have　you　heard　the　six　words　to　which　are　attached　sixbecloudings？〃　yu　replied；　〃i　have　not。〃
　　〃sit　down；　and　i　will　tell　them　to　you。
　　〃there　is　the　love　of　being　benevolent　without　the　love　of　learning；…thebeclouding　here　leads　to　a　foolish　simplicity。　there　is　the　love　of　knowingwithout　the　love　of　learning；…the　beclouding　here　leads　to　dissipation　of　mind。there　is　the　love　of　being　sincere　without　the　love　of　learning；…the　becloudinghere　leads　to　an　injurious　disregard　of　consequences。　there　is　the　love　ofstraightforwardness　without　the　love　of　learning；…the　beclouding　here　leads　torudeness。　there　is　the　love　of　boldness　without　the　love　of　learning；…thebeclouding　here　leads　to　insubordination。　there　is　the　love　of　firmness　withoutthe　love　of　learning；…the　beclouding　here　leads　to　extravagant　conduct。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃my　children；　why　do　you　not　study　the　book　of　poetry？
　　〃the　odes　serve　to　stimulate　the　mind。
　　〃they　may　be　used　for　purposes　of　self…contemplation。
　　〃they　teach　the　art　of　sociability。
　　〃they　show　how　to　regulate　feelings　of　resentment。
　　〃from　them　you　learn　the　more　immediate　duty　of　serving　one's　father；　andthe　remoter　one　of　serving　one's　prince。
　　〃from　them　we　bee　largely　acquainted　with　the　names　of　birds；　beasts；　andplants。〃
　　the　master　said　to　po…yu；　〃do　you　give　yourself　to　the　chau…nan　and　theshao…nan。　the　man　who　has　not　studied　the　chau…nan　and　the　shao…nan　is　like　onewho　stands　with　his　face　right　against　a　wall。　is　he　not　so？〃　the　master　said；〃'it　is　according　to　the　rules　of　propriety；'　they　say。…'it　is　according　to　therules　of　propriety；'　they　say。　are　gems　and　silk　all　that　is　meant　by　propriety？'it　is　music；'　they　say。…'it　is　music；'　they　say。　are　hers　and　drums　all　that　ismeant　by　music？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃he　who　puts　on　an　appearance　of　stern　firmness；　whileinwardly　he　is　weak；　is　like　one　of　the　small；　mean　people；…yea；　is　he　not　likethe　thief　who　breaks　through；　or　climbs　over；　a　wall？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃your　good；　careful　people　of　the　villages　are　the　thievesof　virtue。〃
　　the　master　said；　to　tell；　as　we　go　along；　what　we　have　heard　on　the　way；　isto　cast　away　our　virtue。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃there　are　those　mean　creatures！　how　impossible　it　is　alongwith　them　to　serve　one's　prince！
　　〃while　they　have　not　got　their　aims；　their　anxiety　is　how　to　get　them。　whenthey　have　got　them；　their　anxiety　is　lest　they　should　lose　them。
　　〃when　they　are　anxious　lest　such　things　should　be　lost；　there　is　nothing　towhich　they　will　not　proceed。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃anciently；　men　had　three　failings；　which　now　perhaps　arenot　to　be　found。
　　〃the　high…mindedness　of　antiquity　showed　itself　in　a　disregard　of　smallthings；　the　high…mindedness　of　the　present　day　shows　itself　in　wild　license。　thestern　dignity　of　antiquity　showed　itself　in　grave　reserve；　the　stern　dignity　ofthe　present　day　shows　itself　in　quarrelsome　perverseness。　the　stupidity　ofantiquity　showed　itself　in　straightforwardness；　the　stupidity　of　the　present　dayshows　itself　in　sheer　deceit。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃fine　words　and　an　insinuating　appearance　are　seldomassociated　with　virtue。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　hate　the　manner　in　which　purple　takes　away　the　luster　ofvermilion。　i　hate　the　way　in　which　the　songs　of　chang　confound　the　music　of　theya。　i　hate　those　who　with　their　sharp　mouths　overthrow　kingdoms　and　families。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　would　prefer　not　speaking。〃
　　tsze…kung　said；　〃if　you；　master；　do　not　speak；　what　shall　we；　your　disciples；have　to　record？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃does　heaven　speak？　the　four　seasons　pursue　their　courses；and　all　things　are　continually　being　produced；　but　does　heaven　say　anything？〃
　　zu　pei　wished　to　see　confucius；　but　confucius　declined；　on　the　ground　ofbeing　sick；　to　see　him。　when　the　bearer　of　this　message　went　out　at　the　door；the　master　took　his　lute　and　sang　to　it；　in　order　that　pei　might　hear　him。
　　tsai　wo　asked　about　the　three　years'　mourning　for　parents；　saying　that　oneyear　was　long　enough。
　　〃if　the　superior　man；〃　said　he；　〃abstains　for　three　years　from　theobservances　of　propriety；　those　observances　will　be　quite　lost。　if　for　threeyears　he　abstains　from　music；　music　will　be　ruined。　within　a　year　the　old　grainis　exhausted；　and　the　new　grain　has　sprung　up；　and；　in　procuring　fire　byfriction；　we　go　through　all　the　changes　of　wood　for　that　purpose。　after　aplete　year；　the　mourning　may　stop。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　you　were；　after　a　year；　to　eat　good　rice；　and　wearembroidered　clothes；　would　you　feel　at　ease？〃　〃i　should；〃　replied　wo。
　　the　master　said；　〃if　you　can　feel　at　ease；　do　it。　but　a　superior　man；　duringthe　whole　period　of　mourning；　does　not　enjoy　pleasant　food　which　he　may　eat；　norderive　pleasure　from　music　which　he　may　hear。　he　also　does　not　feel　at　ease；　ifhe　is　fortably　lodged。　therefore　he　does　not　do　what　you　propose。　but　now　youfeel　at　ease　and　may　do　it。〃
　　tsai　wo　then　went　out；　and　the　master　said；　〃this　shows　yu's　want　of　virtue。it　is　not　till　a　child　is　three　years　old　that　it　is　allowed　to　leave　the　armsof　its　parents。　and　the　three　years'　mourning　is　universally　observed　throughoutthe　empire。　did　yu　enjoy　the　three　years'　love　of　his　parents？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃hard　is　it　to　deal　with　who　will　stuff　himself　with　foodthe　whole　day；　without　applying　his　mind　to　anything　good！　are　there　notgamesters　and　chess　players？　to　be　one　of　these　would　still　be　better　than　doingnothing　at　all。〃
　　tsze…lu　said；　〃does　the　superior　man　esteem　valor？〃　the　master　said；　〃thesuperior　man　holds　righteousness　to　be　of　highest　importance。　a　man　in　asuperior　situation；　having　valor　without　righteousness；　will　be　guilty　ofinsubordination；　one　of　the　lower　people　having　valor　without　righteousness；will　mit　robbery。〃
　　tsze…kung　said；　〃has　the　superior　man　his　hatreds　also？〃　the　master　said；〃he　has　his　hatreds。　he　hates　those　who　proclaim　the　evil　of　others。　he　hatesthe　man　who；　being　in　a　low　station；　slanders　his　superiors。　he　hates　those　whohave　valor　merely；　and　are　unobservant　of　propriety。　he　hates　those　who　areforward　and　determined；　and；　at　the　same　time；　of　contracted　understanding。〃
　　the　master　then　inquired；　〃ts'ze；　have　you　also　your　hatreds？〃　tsze…kungreplied；　〃i　hate　those　who　pry　out　matters；　and　ascribe　the　knowledge　to　theirwisdom。　i　hate　those　who　are　only　not　modest；　and　think　that　they　are　valorous。i　hate　those　who　make　known　secrets；　and　think　that　they　are　straightforward。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃of　all　people；　girls　and　servants　are　the　most　difficultto　behave　to。　if　you　are　familiar　with　them；　they　lose　their　humility。　if　youmaintain　a　reserve　towards　them；　they　are　discontented。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　a　man　at　forty　is　the　object　of　dislike；　he　willalways　continue　what　he　is。〃
　　18
　　the　viscount　of　wei　withdrew　from　the　court。　the　viscount　of　chi　became　aslave　to　chau。　pi…kan　remonstrated　with　him　and　died。
　　confucius　said；　〃the　yin　dynasty　possessed　these　three　men　of　virtue。〃
　　hui　of　liu…hsia；　being　chief　criminal　judge；　was　thrice　dismissed　from　hisoffice。　some　one　said　to　him；　〃is　it　not　yet　time　for　you；　sir；　to　leave　this？〃he　replied；　〃serving　men　in　an　upright　way；　where　shall　i　go　to；　and　notexperience　such　a　thrice…repeated　dismissal？　if　i　choose　to　serve　men　in　acrooked　way；　what　necessity　is　there　for　me　to　leave　the　country　of　my　parents？〃
　　the　duke　ching　of　ch'i；　with　reference　to　the　manner　in　which　he　shouldtreat　confucius；　said；　〃i　cannot　treat　him　as　i　would　the　chief　of　the　chifamily。　i　will　treat　him　in　a　manner　between　that　accorded　to　the　chief　of　thechil　and　that　given　to　the　chief　of　the　mang　family。〃　he　also　said；　〃i　am　old；　icannot　use　his　doctrines。〃　confucius　took　his　departure。
　　the　people　of　ch'i　sent　to　lu　a　present　of　female　musicians；　which　chi　hwanreceived；　and　for　three　days　no　court　was　held。　confucius　took　his　departure。
　　the　madman　of　ch'u；　chieh…yu；　passed　by　confucius；　singing　and　saying；　〃ofang！　o　fang！　how　is　your　virtue　degenerated！　as　to　the　past；　reproof　is　useless；but　the　future　may　still　be　provided　against。　give　up　your　vain　pursuit。　give　upyour　vain