论语(英文版)-第3部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完，想下次继续接着阅读，可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能！

he　proper　way；　they　should　notbe　avoided。
　　〃if　a　superior　man　abandon　virtue；　how　can　he　fulfill　the　requirements　ofthat　name？
　　〃the　superior　man　does　not；　even　for　the　space　of　a　single　meal；　actcontrary　to　virtue。　in　moments　of　haste；　he　cleaves　to　it。　in　seasons　of　danger；he　cleaves　to　it。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　have　not　seen　a　person　who　loved　virtue；　or　one　whohated　what　was　not　virtuous。　he　who　loved　virtue；　would　esteem　nothing　above　it。he　who　hated　what　is　not　virtuous；　would　practice　virtue　in　such　a　way　that　hewould　not　allow　anything　that　is　not　virtuous　to　approach　his　person。
　　〃is　any　one　able　for　one　day　to　apply　his　strength　to　virtue？　i　have　notseen　the　case　in　which　his　strength　would　be　insufficient。
　　〃should　there　possibly　be　any　such　case；　i　have　not　seen　it。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　faults　of　men　are　characteristic　of　the　class　to　whichthey　belong。　by　observing　a　man's　faults；　it　may　be　known　that　he　is　virtuous。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　man　in　the　morning　hear　the　right　way；　he　may　die　inthe　evening　hear　regret。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃a　scholar；　whose　mind　is　set　on　truth；　and　who　is　ashamedof　bad　clothes　and　bad　food；　is　not　fit　to　be　discoursed　with。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man；　in　the　world；　does　not　set　his　mindeither　for　anything；　or　against　anything；　what　is　right　he　will　follow。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　thinks　of　virtue；　the　small　man　thinks　offort。　the　superior　man　thinks　of　the　sanctions　of　law；　the　small　man　thinksof　favors　which　he　may　receive。〃
　　the　master　said：　〃he　who　acts　with　a　constant　view　to　his　own　advantage　willbe　much　murmured　against。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　a　prince　is　able　to　govern　his　kingdom　with　theplaisance　proper　to　the　rules　of　propriety；　what　difficulty　will　he　have？　ifhe　cannot　govern　it　with　that　plaisance；　what　has　he　to　do　with　the　rules　ofpropriety？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃a　man　should　say；　i　am　not　concerned　that　i　have　no　place；i　am　concerned　how　i　may　fit　myself　for　one。　i　am　not　concerned　that　i　am　notknown；　i　seek　to　be　worthy　to　be　known。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃shan；　my　doctrine　is　that　of　an　all…pervading　unity。〃　thedisciple　tsang　replied；　〃yes。〃
　　the　master　went　out；　and　the　other　disciples　asked；　saying；　〃what　do　hiswords　mean？〃　tsang　said；　〃the　doctrine　of　our　master　is　to　be　true　to　theprinciples…of　our　nature　and　the　benevolent　exercise　of　them　to　others；…this　andnothing　more。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　mind　of　the　superior　man　is　conversant　withrighteousness；　the　mind　of　the　mean　man　is　conversant　with　gain。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃when　we　see　men　of　worth；　we　should　think　of　equaling　them；when　we　see　men　of　a　contrary　character；　we　should　turn　inwards　and　examineourselves。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃in　serving　his　parents；　a　son　may　remonstrate　with　them；but　gently；　when　he　sees　that　they　do　not　incline　to　follow　his　advice；　he　showsan　increased　degree　of　reverence；　but　does　not　abandon　his　purpose；　and　shouldthey　punish　him；　he　does　not　allow　himself　to　murmur。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃while　his　parents　are　alive；　the　son　may　not　go　abroad　toa　distance。　if　he　does　go　abroad；　he　must　have　a　fixed　place　to　which　he　goes。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃if　the　son　for　three　years　does　not　alter　from　the　way　ofhis　father；　he　may　be　called　filial。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　years　of　parents　may　by　no　means　not　be　kept　in　thememory；　as　an　occasion　at　once　for　joy　and　for　fear。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　reason　why　the　ancients　did　not　readily　give　utteranceto　their　words；　was　that　they　feared　lest　their　actions　should　not　e　up　tothem。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　cautious　seldom　err。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃the　superior　man　wishes　to　be　slow　in　his　speech　andearnest　in　his　conduct。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃virtue　is　not　left　to　stand　alone。　he　who　practices　itwill　have　neighbors。〃
　　tsze…yu　said；　〃in　serving　a　prince；　frequent　remonstrances　lead　to　disgrace。between　friends；　frequent　reproofs　make　the　friendship　distant。〃
　　5
　　the　master　said　of　kung…ye　ch'ang　that　he　might　be　wived；　although　he　wasput　in　bonds；　he　had　not　been　guilty　of　any　crime。　accordingly；　he　gave　him　hisown　daughter　to　wife。
　　of　nan　yung　he　said　that　if　the　country　were　well　governed　he　would　not　beout　of　office；　and　if　it　were　in　governed；　he　would　escape　punishment　anddisgrace。　he　gave　him　the　daughter　of　his　own　elder　brother　to　wife。
　　the　master　said　of　tsze…chien；　〃of　superior　virtue　indeed　is　such　a　man！　ifthere　were　not　virtuous　men　in　lu；　how　could　this　man　have　acquired　thischaracter？〃
　　tsze…kung　asked；　〃what　do　you　say　of　me；　ts'ze！〃　the　master　said；　〃you　are　autensil。〃　〃what　utensil？〃　〃a　gemmed　sacrificial　utensil。〃
　　some　one　said；　〃yung　is　truly　virtuous；　but　he　is　not　ready　with　histongue。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃what　is　the　good　of　being　ready　with　the　tongue？　they　whoencounter　men　with　smartness　of　speech　for　the　most　part　procure　themselveshatred。　i　know　not　whether　he　be　truly　virtuous；　but　why　should　he　showreadiness　of　the　tongue？〃
　　the　master　was　wishing　ch'i…tiao　k'ai　to　enter　an　official　employment。　hereplied；　〃i　am　not　yet　able　to　rest　in　the　assurance　of　this。〃　the　master　waspleased。
　　the　master　said；　〃my　doctrines　make　no　way。　i　will　get　upon　a　raft；　andfloat　about　on　the　sea。　he　that　will　acpany　me　will　be　yu；　i　dare　say。〃　tsze…lu　hearing　this　was　glad；　upon　which　the　master　said；　〃yu　is　fonder　of　daringthan　i　am。　he　does　not　exercise　his　judgment　upon　matters。〃
　　mang　wu　asked　about　tsze…lu；　whether　he　was　perfectly　virtuous。　the　mastersaid；　〃i　do　not　know。〃
　　he　asked　again；　when　the　master　replied；　〃in　a　kingdom　of　a　thousandchariots；　yu　might　be　employed　to　manage　the　military　levies；　but　i　do　not　knowwhether　he　be　perfectly　virtuous。〃
　　〃and　what　do　you　say　of　ch'iu？〃　the　master　replied；　〃in　a　city　of　a　thousandfamilies；　or　a　clan　of　a　hundred　chariots；　ch'iu　might　be　employed　as　governor；but　i　do　not　know　whether　he　is　perfectly　virtuous。〃
　　〃what　do　you　say　of　ch'ih？〃　the　master　replied；　〃with　his　sash　girt　andstanding　in　a　court；　ch'ih　might　be　employed　to　converse　with　the　visitors　andguests；　but　i　do　not　know　whether　he　is　perfectly　virtuous。〃
　　the　master　said　to　tsze…kung；　〃which　do　you　consider　superior；　yourself　orhui？〃
　　tsze…kung　replied；　〃how　dare　i　pare　myself　with　hui？　hui　hears　one　pointand　knows　all　about　a　subject；　i　hear　one　point；　and　know　a　second。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃you　are　not　equal　to　him。　i　grant　you；　you　are　not　equalto　him。〃
　　tsai　yu　being　asleep　during　the　daytime；　the　master　said；　〃rotten　woodcannot　be　carved；　a　wall　of　dirty　earth　will　not　receive　the　trowel。　this　yu；…what　is　the　use　of　my　reproving　him？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃at　first；　my　way　with　men　was　to　hear　their　words；　andgive　them　credit　for　their　conduct。　now　my　way　is　to　hear　their　words；　and　lookat　their　conduct。　it　is　from　yu　that　i　have　learned　to　make　this　change。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃i　have　not　seen　a　firm　and　unbending　man。〃　some　onereplied；　〃there　is　shan　ch'ang。〃　〃ch'ang；〃　said　the　master；　〃is　under　theinfluence　of　his　passions；　how　can　he　be　pronounced　firm　and　unbending？〃
　　tsze…kung　said；　〃what　i　do　not　wish　men　to　do　to　me；　i　also　wish　not　to　doto　men。〃　the　master　said；　〃ts'ze；　you　have　not　attained　to　that。〃
　　tsze…kung　said；　〃the　master's　personal　displays　of　his　principles　andordinary　descriptions　of　them　may　be　heard。　his　discourses　about　man's　nature；and　the　way　of　heaven；　cannot　be　heard。〃
　　when　tsze…lu　heard　anything；　if　he　had　not　yet　succeeded　in　carrying　it　intopractice；　he　was　only　afraid　lest　he　should　hear　something　else。
　　tsze…kung　asked；　saying；　〃on　what　ground　did　kung…wan　get　that　title　ofwan？〃
　　the　master　said；　〃he　was　of　an　active　nature　and　yet　fond　of　learning；　andhe　was　not　ashamed　to　ask　and　learn　of　his　inferiors！…on　these　grounds　he　hasbeen　styled　wan。〃
　　the　master　said　of　tsze…ch'an　that　he　had　four　of　the　characteristics　of　asuperior　man…in　his　conduct　of　himself；　he　was　humble；　in　serving　his　superior；he　was　respectful；　in　nourishing　the　people；　he　was　kind；　in　ordering　the　people；he　was　just。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃yen　p'ing　knew　well　how　to　maintain　friendly　intercourse。the　acquaintance　might　be　long；　but　he　showed　the　same　respect　as　at　first。〃
　　the　master　said；　〃tsang　wan　kept　a　large　tortoise　in　a　house；　on　thecapitals　of　the　pillars　of　which　he　had　hills　made；　and　with　representations　ofduckweed　on　the　small　pillars　above　the　beams　supporting　the　rafters。…of　whatsort　was　his　wisdom？〃
　　tsze…chang　asked；　saying；　〃the　minister　tsze…wan　thrice　took　office；　andmanifested　no　joy　in　his　countenance。　thrice　he　retired　from　office；　andmanifested　no　displeasure。　he　made　it　a　point　to　inform　the　new　minister　of　theway　in　which　he　had　conducted　the　government；　what　do　you　say　of　him？〃　themaster　replied。　〃he　was　loyal。〃　〃was　he　perfectly　virtuous？〃　〃i　do　not　know。　howcan　he　be　pronounced　perfectly　virtuous？〃
　　tsze…chang　proceeded；　〃when　the　officer　ch'ui　killed　the　prince　of　ch'i；ch'an　wan；　though　he　was　the　owner　of　forty　horses；　abandoned　them　and　left　thecountry。　ing　to　another　state；　he　said；　'they　are　here　like　our　great　officer；ch'ui；'　and　left　it。　he　came　to　a　second　state；　and　with　the