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ȸֻΪ˱ijֱӡãͬ޺ģǣԿѧԾӣôЩͳΪѧ̸ۡ߸ȷ˵Ϊ̸ۡȻȵصκα仯˿ڵͼʾķʾΪһ켣˶Ĺ켣һǣͼȻ˵˶Ϊ˿ȶ£Ҳܳ־ҵǵȻ԰ЩͼγһάʾͼȻۺϵͼҲ˵Ǵ˶ĵ·ǵģֻǸͼӶѣᡱ˶ֻѡļı仯ѡ˶仯ῴͬʵΪһһĵ·һķ˶뷨ĺ˼롣
ǣϣǿijһ췢֡˶Ĺɡţٷ˶һЩĽΪ˶Ƶ˶Բֹɡ
ǣ˵仯УƵĴӹɵġÿһͳѧҶԼơЩѵţٵĹԶɲǺ𣿻شǣǴڵģ߸ȷ˵ƵļٶͨһֺõͳƷȻƲǹɣ϶ijƴڵǴȫ⣨ձǶ϶ڣ෴ڵ20ڵĩβģ϶ijµIJԡ϶ضʱͿռijƴڵһƵʷ⣬һձĹɡ߼ʵֵÿǵġǿԸݹѧԤ⣬DzܽƵĴѧԤ⣨ÿһͳѧҶ֪ģDz˿Ϊ˵˿ѳ˼ǧ꣬пʮ֮ڻöͷҵĸı䡣
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Ȼ׵ºܶȷʵΪǵʷɾǾʷ¼ʵʳֵ˳Ĺɡһ̸ܶΡͨһʷʵоͷֽɵķʱֵ̬ȾͿԿ˵һҵɡضʹܹԤδ¼ñڴǿԸһļҵǵйɣӶԤüಿݣԤһֵܶȻҲ28ڿͷȴȫϷѧɵɵĿԣɡʷṩġ˳Ƿѧֵءϸһɡ
Ѿ¼̬֡ϵĹDzڵġһ棬̬֡ʵڵģ˿һӡˣǿԲ룬ܶ˵ɡʱơܶԼȷ֤Ϊʷ˵һơɡʱ˵ΪDzҽȻһֽżȻĺʱ⡪һҸͽϺõ״ơ⡭ǡſѧָѧһܶȻ֣صۡǷΧơһһԲιתǷšijһ켣˶⣬ǺѹɺԼΪԺƶ۵Ǻϵġ
Ϊ˱⣬ȷ˵ſ׏ԺܶѧͿѧ۶ΰĹף뵽׵¶ԹɺͿѧԤǿ뵽Ա۵뵽ܶڿѧͳһѧ˵ǣΪǹʷɵѧ˵һѴõıò˶١
28ع鷨ͣԤԤ
Ҷʷѧ˵һҪȻûнͼʷڱΪʷЩ¼ġ򡱻򡱣ǡɡֻơһָơ롰ɡͬһ㲻ΪѧԤĸݡ
ܶͿ׵ֻһʷ֮Сǻ硣ܶҲһ̶ϰѹɺǣҲǣһЩ˰ѡʷһUniformityofhistoricalsuccessionȻɣѾϸǿָһֻǾĹɡʶõģָڡ֤ʷ֤ϡӶعΪȻ֮ǰܱΪȷʵɿҲǣˡѧʷԭ򣬳ֵܹĸݡһЩԶرȷϵȻɰĿеЩǡԡɣԡɡʷĸĸعΪijձĹɵḶ֮́ܶΪ﷨inversedeductivemethodΪʷѧѧΨһȷ
Ըһ˵ġΪǾȻܹɹذijƻعΪһɣôǾɰһԤĸݡֻع鷨ɺ֮ĺ蹵ʵϣܶġһֳǡģܴղģѧһпѧ;֮㣬ܶԶԶûϵġһʾܶ˵
ЩϣȻΪҵȷģʷߴӸϰѹɺƻΪһ̸վסŵġΪ˱һ㣬бҪԻع鷨ϸķ
ǿ˵ѧ䷢չκʱ⡣ѧܴӹ۲쿪ʼܴӡϵռʼһЩоѧŵġܹռ֮ǰǶijϵȤضѾˡ˵ȳֵġֿʵҪڿѧĺǰѧijԭʣ޸ıҪ֮ʡ
ѧΪҪijֽͶܶĿǿҪԸĻ򵥶¼ĽͺͶijֹԻɵĽ͡Դˣܶ˵ǣڸ˵ָԭ򣬼˵ijǡijɻ򼸸ɵһʵǾ˵ѱͣˣһλֵĽ;֤֮лһȼУͬһ˵ָùɱһɻ򼸸ɵʵ԰Ǿ˵ùѱ͡Թɸ;һ֡ǵǺҪġ
ܶԽ͵Ľͣexplanationofanexplanation߸˵͵ĽͣǿԽܵġǣijЩԭʣDzȷģȱȷ۵شϵԣҽ⣬ָܶĹ۵ҵĹ۵֮
Ϊijض¼ͣǴǰ¼⡣ǰǣijЩձɺǿԳ֮ΪضԭʼthespecificinitialconditionsijЩƵĻרָ⣬磬ǷֻܳһӹǾͿ˵ѸӶѵ͡ǷͣôǾͷ֣ͬ1ijЩձȻʵļ˵Ҳ˵ǣÿһṹSȷӣȡʵءϸȣһضWһWڸϣӻϿңÿһнṹS1ӵضһ2ijЩض¼ضģƣ⣨ԭʼ£ǿ⣺һнṹS1ӡҡӵΪ֣ͬ⣬Ǻóһ걸͡ǣ1Ȼʵȫ⣬2ڸضض⣬Ϊԭʼinitia1conditionsǿԸձɣ1ԭʼ2ض⣨3ӽϿṹ3ҲԳΪضƶϡԭʼȷ˵״ͨ˵ɸ¼ԭ򣬶ƶϣ߸ȷ˵ƶ¼򱻳Ϊ磬˵ֻһصصĶԭôӶϿǽ
ֻҪЩձɾϸļȷϣԭ򣨼ԭʼж֤֧֣ôڿѧϵȻǿԽܵġ
ڷԻɵ֮ǰ˵һ£ǶԵ¼ĽгһЩһǣDzھԵ̸ԭֻ˵ijձϵij¼һ¼Ľԭ
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